Assessment Report

Between April and May 2024, IOM DTM deployed the SA round 36 and VAS round 19, in 11 regions across Ethiopia. The November - December 2023 data (Round 35 for SA and Round 18 for VAS) was compiled with the April - May 2024 data (Round 36 for SA and Round 19 for VAS) to consolidate national IDP and returning IDP figures updated to May 2024. The locations assessed during both rounds of data collection are not duplicated in the consolidated figures. 

As of May 2024, an estimated 664,509 households comprising 3,306,693 IDPs were identified in 2,739 accessible sites across Ethiopia. Conflict was the primary reason for displacement reported nationally (68.7%), followed by drought (16.5%) (8.4%). Somali region hosts the highest number of IDPs primarily displaced by drought nationwide (an estimated 397,913 individuals or 73.1% of the national drought caseload), while Tigray region hosts the highest number of IDPs primarily displaced by conflict nationwide (an estimated 871,056 individuals or 38.3% of the national conflict caseload).

According to the data collected through the Village Assessment Survey, an estimated 593,543 returning IDP households comprising 2,584,607 returning IDPs were identified in 2,651 accessible villages across Ethiopia. Tigray region hosts the highest number of reported returning IDPs (an estimated 970,265 returning IDPs or 37.5% of the national caseload). This is followed by Amhara region (an estimated 951,931 returning IDPs or 36.8% of the national caseload) and Afar region (an estimated 223,313 returning IDPs or 8.6% of the national caseload).

 It is to be noted that South Ethiopia region is not included due to operational constraints.

This report was produced in partnership with Social Inquiry, a non-profit research organization focused on cross-disciplinary research in conflict-affected settings.

The report provides an overview and contextual analysis of mixed cross-border movements from Sudan to neighbouring countries during one year of the conflict (15 April 2023-07 April 2024).


Key Findings:

• An estimated 2,044,248 individuals displaced across borders from Sudan into neighbouring countries during one year of conflict between SAF and RSF.

• Approximately 63 per cent of arrivals tracked in these countries were Sudanese nationals, while an estimated 37 per cent were third-country nationals or returnees.

• The majority of cross-border movements were reported in Chad (36%), South Sudan (32%), and Egypt (25%).

• Most displacement occurred during the first months of the conflict, between April and June 2023, and surged again between December 2023 and January 2024, reflecting the escalation of conflict in the Kordofan states and the expansion of conflict into Aj Jazirah state.

• An average of approximately 170,000 individuals crossed the borders each month from Sudan into neighbouring states between April 2023 and April 2024.

• Chad received the highest influx of cross-border movements, with an estimated 737,679 individuals arriving in Chad from Sudan between April 2023 and April 2024.


For further information, see One Year of Conflict in Sudan: Visualizing the World’s Largest Displacement Crisis.

This is the Executive Summary in Swedish and English of the full report available at this link.

In 2023, IOM was commissioned by the Swedish Government to carry out a survey that offered an overview of the living conditions, intentions, needs, and integration challenges of displaced persons from Ukraine who were in Sweden at the beginning of the second year of implementation of the temporary protection (TP) directive in the country. (IOM Europe, 2023).1 In 2024, a second study was commissioned to IOM with the same target population to focus more specifically on intentions for the future after 2.5 years since the start of the full scale invasion of Ukraine. The survey was conducted from 24 April 2024 to 15 May 2024.

The total sample is composed of 3,451 valid surveys (64% women, 35% men, 1% other). Of them, 99 per cent are Ukrainians nationals and 1 per cent are Third-Country Nationals (TCNs). Also, 1,352 (39%) declare to have participated in the first 2023 survey, while 41 per cent do not and 20 per cent are not sure. The size and structure of the sample allow extrapolating main quantitative findings for the entire reference population, for women, men and by geographical areas of residence. Also, the analysis of the qualitative comments accompanying closed-ended questions  provide context to numerical findings. The answers have systematically been compared with those obtained in the 2023 survey, making this report a unique source of data not only on the profiles and current intentions of TP holders, but also on changes compared to the 2023 results.

The Factsheet is an overview of trends in 2023 concerning migrant and refugee children arriving in Europe via mixed migration routes.

The report is produced by UNHCR, UNICEF, and IOM and provides detailed statistics and analysis on accompanied, unaccompanied, and separated children arriving in countries such as Greece, Italy, Bulgaria, Spain, Cyprus, and Malta.

Key highlights:

• In 2023, 55,700 children arrived in Greece, Italy, Bulgaria, Spain, Cyprus and Malta (23% girls and 77% boys). This is a 58% increase compared to 2022 (35,170)
• 64% of children arrived (35,500) were unaccompanied or separated (UASC). Main countries of origin include Syrian Arab Republic, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Guinea, Egypt, Côte d’Ivoire.
• Of all the children who sought international protection in Europe in 2023, some 71% were registered as first- time applicants in just four countries: Germany (39%), France (14%), Spain (11%), and Austria (7%). Among UASC asylum seekers, main nationalities were Syrian Arab Republic (35%), Afghanistan (31%), Somalia (5%) and Türkiye (3%).
• In 2023, IOM continued its support to relocation under existing schemes and under the Voluntary Solidarity Mechanism from Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, and Spain. A total of 774 children were assisted with voluntary relocation from Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, and Spain to 10 European countries. This is a 160% increase compared to the 297 children relocated in 2022.

Since October 8 there has been an increase in cross-border incidents between Israel and Lebanon, resulting in the displacement of people both within the South and elsewhere within the country. Since October 10, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has been conducting the daily monitoring of population movements. The objective of the exercise is to inform preparedness and response planning.

Following the release of the first edition of PROGRESS 2023 report, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has compiled a series of National Displacement Profiles based on end of year 2023 figures. These profiles offer insights into the latest end-of-year 2023 figures, aligning with the objectives outlined by the Data for Solutions to Internal Displacement Taskforce (DSID).

The profile provides a comprehensive overview of the demographic breakdowns and geographical distribution of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Somalia as of the end of 2023. It delves into the primary areas of origin and displacement for IDPs, shedding light on the factors influencing their decision-making processes regarding the selection of solutions locations. Additionally, the report discusses the obstacles encountered by IDPs in their pursuit of durable solutions.

This compilation underscores the critical role of data in addressing internal displacement challenges and highlights the ongoing efforts to leverage data-driven solutions through collaborative initiatives like DSID.

The International Organization for Migration’s (IOM) CNI is used to provide a baseline on living conditions and needs of Afghan nationals in identified settlements rather than providing a detailed overview of multisectoral needs. Subsequent rounds will provide additional details for sectoral interventions. The CNI collect data at the settlement level through group interviews with key informants (KIs) and direct observations. Data was collected between 1 August and 26 September 2023.

Overview:
This report provides an overview of the total population of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sudan, including those displaced both before and after the onset of conflict on 15 April 2023.  

Key Findings:

• An estimated total of 10,703,327 IDPs were displaced to 8,712 locations, in 183 localities, across all 18 states in Sudan.
• An estimated 7,903,880 individuals were displaced internally within Sudan since 15 April 2023. 
• An estimated 27 per cent of IDPs who were initially displaced prior to the onset of current conflict experienced secondary displacement since 15 April 2023. 
• Approximately 2,274,435 individuals crossed borders into neighbouring countries since 15 April 2023. 
• The top states of origin among IDPs were Khartoum (35%), South Darfur (19%), and North Darfur (14%).  
• The states hosting the most IDPs were South Darfur (17%), North Darfur (14%) and Central Darfur (8%). 
• Over half (52%) of IDPs were reportedly children under the age of 18-years-old. 

Note: The number of IDPs displaced post 15 April 2023 (7,903,880 IDPs) includes the estimated 1,021,325 IDPs who were initially displaced prior to 15 April 2023 and experienced secondary displacement since 15 April 2023. DTM Sudan defines an internally displaced person as any person who has been forced or obliged to flee from their habitual residence due to an event dating from 2003 onwards.

KEY FINDINGS

1. HOUSING AND LAND CHALLENGES
Many bomas face issues related to housing, land demarcation, and property ownership, with some areas lacking demarcated settlement areas and others experiencing disputes over land boundaries, ownership and illegal occupancy.

2. EDUCATION ACCESS AND QUALITY
Challenges in the education sector include insufficient school facilities, staffing shortages, and high school fees, leading to dropout rates and limited access to quality education, particularly in government schools.

3. WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE (WASH)
Insufficient water points, sanitation facilities, and hygiene resources contribute to health risks and discomfort within communities. Repairing and expanding water infrastructure and promoting sanitation practices are crucial for improving public health outcomes.

4. LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES
Limited livelihood opportunities exacerbate poverty and economic insecurity, highlighting the need for vocational training, business support, and agricultural assistance to empower community members and improve their economic prospects.

5. HEALTHCARE SERVICEGAPS
Healthcare services are inadequate, with shortages of medical supplies, personnel, and operational hours reported. Improving access to healthcare, especially during emergencies and at night, is essential to address community health needs effectively.

6. COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS
Inadequate community infrastructure, such as community centers and sports facilities, hinders social cohesion and recreational opportunities. Investing in the construction and maintenance of these facilities can enhance community well-being and promote social integration.
 

Базовая оценка мобильности была проведена в 10 областях, включая 3 города Республиканского значения - г. Шымкент, г. Алматы, г. Астана, а также 1245 сёл, в период с декабря 2023г. по январь 2024г. Во время оценки, было проинтервьюировано 2303 ключевых информаторов. По оценкам ключевых информаторов, 639 799 международных трудящихся мигрантов проживали в исследуемых локациях с 2020г. по 2023г.. Также, было выявлено 41 574 внутренних мигрантов в 10 областях, а 10 544 граждан Казахстана проживали за границей в качестве эмигрантов. К тому же, было выявлено 6005 возвратных мигрантов в исследуемых областях.