Storms and heavy monsoon rains in Pakistan have caused widespread flooding and landslides across the country. According to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), up to 33 million people have been affected by the floods since mid-June 2022 and a total of 90 districts have been labelled by the Government of Pakistan as ‘calamity-hit’, as of 18 November 2022. Besides that, more than two million houses are reported to be damaged across the country.

Given the number of calamity-hit districts and the number of affected people, IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) decided to roll out its Community Needs Identification (CNI). This was done following coordination and approval from the Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) of Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh. The purpose of the CNI is to understand the displacement situation and multi-sectoral needs of the affected population at the village level. IOM deployed its CNI across the 18 districts reporting the highest displacement in the provinces of Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh. The CNI was thus carried out across 7,211 flood-affected villages or villages that hosted temporary displaced persons (TDPs) that exist under these 18 targeted districts.

IOM Pakistan collects data on the outflows of undocumented Afghan nationals at the Torkham and Chaman border crossing points in an effort to better understand the migration movements of undocumented Afghan nationals returning to Afghanistan from Pakistan. Key findings during this reporting period are:

• Between January and March 2023, 20,002 undocumented Afghan nationals spontaneously returned to Afghanistan, including 10,008 through the Torkham border point and 9,994 through the Chaman border point. Border authorities facilitated the return of 2,246 individuals due to the lack of legal documentation to remain in Pakistan. Therefore, information concerning these 2,246 individuals is not included in the count.

• Although IOM identified 20,002 undocumented Afghan returnees at two border crossings, this may not reflect the total number of undocumented Afghan returnees. Moreover, for this study, only the head of household or representative of the family were interviewed. This means that the number of interviews conducted by the enumerators is lower than the number of returnees recorded by IOM. Between January and March 2023, IOM interviewed 844 respondents.

• The average family size of returnees was seven individuals and seven per cent of all returnees recorded during the reporting period were categorized as vulnerable persons. • All returnees were carrying personal belongings when surveyed. They also traveled with additional items, such as household items (98%), cash (97%), productive assets (89%), transportation vehicles (4%) and livestock (1%).

• The top three challenges returnees expected to face in Afghanistan were: arranging livelihood, settling into a new city and finding better income opportunities.

The snapshot captures present mobility and displacement trends between Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan.

This study is divided into two parts. The first section looks at the health-seeking behaviours and factors affecting access to healthcare among migrants in Libya. The second part is an assessment of disease epidemiology among migrants in Libya based on interviews with healthcare professionals, and which includes information on noncommunicable, communicable and bloodborne diseases as well as child, maternal and mental health.