Internal displacement

Overview

IOM DTM Sudan presents its fourth Monthly Displacement Overview. This publication provides an account of Sudan’s displacement context since 15 April 2023 – outlining population caseloads and movements, as well the present and evolving needs of Sudan’s growing IDP caseload.
 
Rationale

Recognizing the need for more detailed insights into the IDP situation, including the priority needs, access to services, movement intentions, and demographic breakdowns of the affected population, DTM Sudan has undertaken a comprehensive review of our data collection tool. In collaboration with a wide range of internal and external stakeholders, we have developed a new tool to better inform humanitarian response operations, aligning with the DTM global methodology. Leveraging our extensive network of approximately 360 field-based enumerators and a robust system of over 2,317 key informants across the country, DTM has gathered data on IDPs across 6,159 locations, in 171 of Sudan’s 189 localities – across all of Sudan’s 18 states. 

Key Findings

• DTM Sudan estimates that 5,856,777 Individuals (1,165,764 Households) have been recently internally displaced.
• IOM DTM also reports that an estimated 1,523,350 mixed cross-border movements have been made into neighbouring countries.
• Since 15 April 2023, 45 per cent of the IDP caseload has sought refuge in the Darfur and Kordofan regions, whereas 55 per cent were observed across the Northern, Eastern, and Central states.
• The majority of the IDP caseload (65%) were seeking shelter with the host community.
• While food security remains the highest priority need, health and non-food items are also growing concerns.

Between 26 - 28 December, attacks, and fear of attacks by Non-State Armed Groups in Macomia district (Mucojo and Pangane) triggered 434 individual displacements. Reported families have taken shelter across host communities in Macomia and Ibo districts. Assessment teams record 33 families/121 individuals displaced to Nanga A Host Community (Macomia) and 82 families/313 individuals displaced to Matemo Island (Ibo). Approximately 68 families/255 Individuals arriving on Matemo Island intend to proceed to Quirimbas Island within the next weeks.

Amongst recorded arrivals in Nanga A (Macomia), 53 are children under 18 years and 9 individuals have been identified with vulnerabilities. Amongst the recorded arrivals in Matemo Island (Ibo) 157 are children under 18 years and 3 individuals have been identified with vulnerabilities. Owing to prevailing security concerns reported by displaced families, intentions for the duration of their stay in host communities remains uncertain. Movements in the region continue to be dynamic within the district.

The objective of the Emergency Tracking Tool (ETT) - Movement Alert is to collect information on large and sudden population movements, and to provide support to the humanitarian response partners by disseminating data on IDPs to support effective humanitarian response to the affected population. Information is collected through key informants’ interviews or direct observation. This alert provides basic information on displacements, and additional information can be shared upon request.

In early October, four large earthquakes and their aftershocks affected the western province of Herat. Since 23 October, IOM DTM Afghanistan has conducted a household-level assessment to determine the immediate needs and conditions of the affected population. As of 6 December, IOM DTM Afghanistan has covered seven affected districts in Herat, including Gulran, Guzara, Herat, Injil, Karukh, Kushk, and Zindajan. The following key findings report focuses on data collected among:
1) New internally displaced persons (IDPs): people who have been displaced for the first time following the earthquake. 
2) Secondary IDPs: people who were already displaced before the earthquake and were displaced again due to the earthquake. 
While the following population groups were included in the overall assessment, they are not included in the following report:
1) Returned IDPs: people who were IDPs but have since returned to their location of origin. They are not included in the report due to their small sample size (n=24).
2) Non-IDPs: People who are no longer residing in their original compound but have remained within the limits of their village and thus are familiar with the area and have social connections to support their needs, 20,766 non-IDP households in the affected areas were assessed, however, their information is outside the scope of this report and is therefore also omitted. 

The estimated number of IDPs in Herat for 2021 and 2022 was 250,000 individuals according to IOM’s Baseline Mobility Assessment Round 16, making it one of the largest IDP hosting provinces in the country. Data from IOM’s Multi-Sector Rapid Assessment shows that the districts of Zindajan and Injil were most heavily affected by the earthquake, with roughly half of the population in Zindajan and a third of the population in Injil having to leave their homes. The results of this assessment show that out of the affected, roughly five per cent are IDPs (new, secondary, or returned) while 95 per cent had to leave their original homes but remained within the limits of their village. 

Since October 8 there has been an increase in cross-border incidents between Israel and Lebanon, resulting in the displacement of people both within the South and elsewhere within the country. Since October 10, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has been conducting the daily monitoring of population movements. The objective of the exercise is to inform preparedness and response planning.

Este informe proporciona una descripción de los flujos migratorios a través de los terminales terrestres de Arica, Chile, ciudad fronteriza con Perú, en los meses de agosto y septiembre de 2023. Se caracterizan los perfiles demográficos, incluyendo nacionalidad, género, edad y nivel educativo, de individuos en tránsito por la frontera, tanto en ruta de ingreso como de salida. Se identifican detalles sobre su ruta de viaje y las principales necesidades de asistencia humanitaria identificadas. 

Este informe proporciona una descripción de los flujos migratorios a través de los terminales terrestres de Arica, Chile, ciudad fronteriza con Perú, en los meses de junio y julio de 2023. Se caracterizan los perfiles demográficos, incluyendo nacionalidad, género, edad y nivel educativo, de individuos en tránsito por la frontera, tanto en ruta de ingreso como de salida. Se identifican detalles sobre su ruta de viaje y principales necesidades de asistencia humanitaria.

In early October, Pakistan’s Ministry of Interior announced a decision to enact the “Illegal Foreigners’ Repatriation Plan (IFRP),” setting a deadline for unregistered or undocumented foreigners to voluntarily return to their countries or face deportation. In early December, IOM Afghanistan conducted a household-level phone survey among 4,031 returnee respondents to better understand their priority needs, current conditions including access to services, and migration histories and intentions. Phone numbers for this sample were obtained from the overall returnee caseload that IOM has been supporting at the border with Pakistan.

The coastal countries of West Africa are experiencing the impact of climate change and spill-over of the Central Sahel crisis. These vulnerabilities contribute to increased risks of conflict, crisis and a humanitarian situation that is worsening fast and significantly. In this context, there is an urgent need to strengthen the capacities of governments and other relevant actors to conduct evidence-based Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) interventions to reduce disaster and climate related risks, while forced displacement is also a pressing risks. The coastal countries of West Africa – especially Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin – lack disaggregated data to make informed decisions on how to prioritize the responses in certain sectors and localities, as well as reliable information to identify the root causes of instability that are driving the deterioration of living conditions.

To help find durable solutions for populations in areas that could be more likely affected by a disaster and to prevent displacements in the region, it is critical to understand their relative levels of stability.​ In order to understand which factors influence a location's stability to identify priority interventions for transition and recovery, with the goal of strengthening the resilience and stability in this conflictual and displacement-affected region, IOM developed the Solution and Mobility Index (SMI) tool. This tool measures perceptions of stability and analyzes which factors have a relatively larger impact on the decisions of populations to remain in place or to move. The tool is implemented in the Upper East and Upper West regions in Ghana to enable governmental authorities and partners to develop informed strategies.

This report presents the results of the SMI Round 1 data collection conducted in Upper East and Upper West regions in Ghana between the 18th and 28th October 2023.