Internal displacement

Після повномасштабного вторгнення в Україну в лютому 2022 року країна зіткнулася з глибокими економічними потрясіннями та масовим переміщенням населення. Мільйони людей прагнуть безпеки та стабільності, тому проблеми збереження засобів до існування, забезпечення зайнятості та доступу до соціального захисту є першочерговими, що вимагає цілеспрямованих заходів для пом'якшення економічних труднощів.

У цьому звіті розглядаються економічні наслідки війни в Україні, зокрема зміни в рівнях доходів, тенденції зайнятості та заходи соціальної допомоги. Спираючись на дані Опитування загального населення МОМ, цей звіт має на меті сприяти розробці програм на основі фактичних даних, формуванню політики, адвокації та подальшим дослідженням на цю тему.

The Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), in collaboration with Mozambique’s National Institute for Disaster Management (INGD), conducted assessments in Maringue, Chemba, and Barue to record displacements caused by severe El Niño induced drought conditions. Mozambique's National Meteorological Institute (INAM) project decreased precipitation levels and drought conditions across districts in Central and Southern Mozambique - potentially impacting over 20 million people. El- Niño induced drought, land degradation and increased salinity in important water sources continue to place a strain on the agriculture, livestock herding and fishing industries, with many families unable to guarantee sufficient and sustainable livelihoods in rural areas.

DTM’s tracking of climate-induced displacement aims to provide data on the number and location of vulnerable families forced into displacement due to climatic and environmental factors. Joint assessments conducted between 22-24 April estimate 342 individuals (58 families) displaced from Northern Sofala and Tete districts to host communities of Manica (Barue district). Priority needs identified by IDPs include food security, access to clean water, adequate shelter, and agricultural inputs. Additionally, there is a pressing demand for non-food items such as hygiene kits, blankets, mosquito nets, and kitchen sets.

Between 10 to 17 May 2024, attacks, and fear of attacks by Non-state Armed Groups in Macomia triggered the cumulative displacement of 3,106 individuals/ 1,021 families. The current Movement Alert #113 reports on most recent attacks in Northen Cabo Delgado. For more information on displacements between January and April, please see {Emergency Tracking Online Dashboard}.

• April marked the mid of the first rainy season in Uganda and this triggered natural hazards like landslides/Mudslides in the Elgon and Rwenzori mountain ranges, floods, heavy storms and lightning. Other reported hazards include Human epidemics and disease outbreaks, famine/food insecurity and transport related accidents.
• The hazards affected 37,866 individuals (11,015 households), with 12,731 people from 3,717 households internally displaced due to the adverse weather conditions.
• Adults between 18 and 64 years were the most affected age group (56%), followed by children below the age of 18 (31%) and elderly above 64 (13%). Notably, more than half of affected people were female (54%).
• Urgent needs have emerged, with Shelter, NFI and food assistance as critical priorities in the aftermath of the hazards.
• Infrastructure damage was significant, with 1,721 houses completely destroyed, 1,401 houses partially damaged, and 147
  water facilities and 16 schools affected.

This summary presents the findings of the second round of Area Assessment (mobility Tracking) undertaken by IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix in its new format to establish a new baseline on the number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), IDP returnees, and migrants in Yemen.
Findings are currently limited to the country’s south controlled by the internationally recognized government (IRG). Data was collected by 154 enumerators through extensive network of Key Informants (KIs) within the operational area. DTM deployed enumerators who are in regular communication with the KIs network throughout each month and work continuously to maintain and expand this network to further triangulate the displacement statistics collected. DTM field staff, along with KIs, use the Sub-Area Assessment tool to capture locations, which are matched to identified locations in the OCHA’s Common Operational Dataset (P-Codes). 
This round 4,512 KIs were interviewed to collect the data, of whom seven per cent or 295 were females and 93 per cent were male. In a total of 403 sub-districts, IOM recorded a presence of IDPs in 372 sub-districts (92%), a presence of IDP returnees in 209 sub-districts (52%) and a presence of migrants in 79 sub-districts (20%). 
In the Yemen context, the practice for field teams is to select KIs representatives of both the host and target communities while adhering to the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and operational independence. This ensures that the selected KIs are the most relevant and appropriate individuals to ensure the successful implementation of the exercise. Among the main outputs of the sub-Area Assessment is a list of locations where IDPs, returnees, and/or migrants are present that can be used to inform more detailed assessments at the locations level, including the annual Multi-Cluster Location Assessment (MCLA). Using a standardized and structured approach to the selection of KIs is a key step to ensuring that data collected in Sub-Area Assessment is comprehensive and comparable across the different teams. The Sub-Area Assessment tool is used to verify and update the baseline information in regular intervals (round). 
IOM DTM implemented round 39 area assessment in coordination with the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation Central (MoPIC), Statistical Organization (CSO), and Executive Unit for IDP Camps Management (ExU) in 13 governorates under the Government of Yemen. The number of migrants indicated in this report represents a snapshot in time for a transient population located in areas data collection teams could access.
 

Depuis le début d’avril 2024, la région des Hauts-Plateaux du territoire de Fizi, située dans la province du Sud-Kivu, est le théâtre d’un conflit persistant opposant deux factions du groupe armé Biloze Bishambuke. Les habitants des villages de cette zone, tels que Bishaka, Bishakara, Kabanja, Kitumba, Kwamashaka et Ruhemba, ont été contraints de quitter de force leurs foyers en raison de ces événements. Après avoir temporairement trouvé refuge dans le groupement de Basikalanga, ces personnes déplacées ont malheureusement dû fuir une nouvelle fois en raison de la persistance du conflit. Depuis la fin d’avril 2024, cette population déplacée se retrouve désormais dans les villages des groupements de Babungwe Sud, Basimukuma Sud, Balala Nord et Balala Sud, toujours dans le territoire de Fizi.

Le déplacement de population a touché 5 759 ménages, soit un total de 29 946 individus répartis dans quatre villages/localités d’accueil. Parmi eux, on compte 2 078 ménages déplacés, regroupant 10x806 individus à Sebele, 602 ménages avec 3 130 individus à Malinde, 2 727 ménages comprenant 14 180 individus à Katanga et enfin, 352 ménages abritant 1 830 individus à Lusenda. Ces villages sont situés dans les secteurs de Mutambala et Tanganyika, dans le territoire de Fizi, province du Sud-Kivu.

Depuis le début de l’année 2024, la partie côtière du territoire de Fizi a été touchée par des inondations causées par la montée des eaux du lac Tanganyika et le débordement des rivières Mutambala et Luke, entraînant le déplacement de nombreuses personnes. La situation s’est aggravée au début du mois d’avril en raison de fortes pluies, provoquant des inondations qui ont affecté plusieurs villages du groupement de Basimukinji dans le territoire de Fizi. Ces événements ont engendré d’importantes destructions matérielles, des pertes considérables et ont malheureusement entraîné des décès signalés. En conséquence, environ 4 038 ménages et 25 383 individus ont été contraints de chercher refuge dans les villages d’accueil de Baraka et Mwangaza du groupement Basimukinji, ainsi que dans ceux de Mboko et Makobola du groupement de Babungwe Nord.

La situation a provoqué d’importantes perturbations sur la Route Nationale N°5 (axe Kikongo – Makobola), entraînant une forte congestion du trafic routier. De plus, elle a eu un impact significatif sur la sécurité alimentaire des zones d’accueil, avec environ 12 pour cent des terres agricoles de la région touchées par les inondations. Les voies d’approvisionnement vers les grandes agglomérations comme Bukavu et Uvira sont de plus en plus perturbées, engendrant ainsi une pénurie alimentaire dans ces régions.

La Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM), como agencia de las Naciones Unidas en materia de migración en Costa Rica, implementó, desde 2021, dos rondas de la Matriz de Seguimiento al Desplazamiento (DTM por sus siglas en inglés) como parte de su estrategia de monitoreo del flujo migratorio circular de personas de nacionalidad nicaragüense, en puntos fronterizos no oficiales, en distintos cantones del norte del país. A partir de este ejercicio en tres puntos de ingreso no oficial de la frontera con Nicaragua, se contabilizaron 60 697 movimientos migratorios, de los cuales el 59 por ciento fueron egresos y 41 por ciento ingresos.

Siendo parte fundamental de la misión de OIM brindar asesoría clave sobre políticas y prácticas migratorias, se vuelve necesario actualizar los datos de este flujo migratorio circular de nicaragüenses que cruzan tanto de forma regular como irregular la frontera norte de Costa Rica.

Según los registros de la DGME de ingresos y egresos regulares por puestos fronterizos oficiales en Los Chiles y Peñas Blancas, en 2022 hubo 394.730 movimientos migratorios regulares (50 % ingresos y 50 % egresos) mientras que, durante el 2023, en total se registraron 526.271 movimientos migratorios (50 % ingresos y 50 % egresos), lo cual representó un aumento de 33 por ciento con respecto a 2022. Durante abril de 2024, se realizaron un total de 42.355 movimientos migratorios siendo el 54 por ciento egresos y el 46 por ciento egresos.