Internal displacement

La Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM), como agencia de las Naciones Unidas en materia de migración en Costa Rica, implementó, desde 2021, dos rondas de la Matriz de Seguimiento al Desplazamiento (DTM por sus siglas en inglés) como parte de su estrategia de monitoreo del flujo migratorio circular de personas de nacionalidad nicaragüense, en puntos fronterizos no oficiales, en distintos cantones del norte del país. A partir de este ejercicio en tres puntos de ingreso no oficial de la frontera con Nicaragua, se contabilizaron 60 697 movimientos migratorios, de los cuales el 59 por ciento fueron egresos y 41 por ciento ingresos.

Siendo parte fundamental de la misión de OIM brindar asesoría clave sobre políticas y prácticas migratorias, se vuelve necesario actualizar los datos de este flujo migratorio circular de nicaragüenses que cruzan tanto de forma regular como irregular la frontera norte de Costa Rica.

Según los registros de la DGME de ingresos y egresos regulares por puestos fronterizos oficiales en Los Chiles y Peñas Blancas, en 2022 hubo 394 730 movimientos migratorios regulares de los cuales el 49,7 por ciento fueron ingresos y 50,3 por ciento egresos, mientras que de enero a noviembre de 2023 ya se han registrado un total de 457 636 movimientos: el 52 por ciento fueron ingresos y el 48 por ciento egresos.

IOM Yemen DTM’s Rapid Displacement Tracking (RDT) tool collects data on estimated numbers of households forced to flee on a daily basis from their locations of origin or displacement, allowing for regular reporting of new displacements in terms of estimated numbers, geography, and needs. It also tracks returnees who returned to their location of origin.                                                                                                              

From 1 January to 23 December 2023, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 9,896 households (HH) (59,376 Individuals) who experienced displacement at least once.                                                                                                                  

Between 17 and 23 December 2023, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 33 households (198 individuals) displaced at least once. The majority of people moved into/within the following governorates and districts:                                                                                                                  

• Ma’rib (19 HHs) – Marib City (9 HHs), Harib (5 HHs), Marib (5 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Marib and Hajjah.
• Ta’iz (11 HHs) – Al Maafer (4 HHs), Al Makha (4 HHs), Salah (2 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Taiz and Al Hodeidah.
• Al Hodeidah (3 HHs) – Hays (2 HHs), Al Khukhah (1 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Taiz and Al Hodeidah.                                                                                                      

The majority of people moved from the following governorates and districts:

• Ta’iz (13 HHs) – Maqbanah (6 HHs), Al Maafer (3 HHs), Jabal Habashi (2 HHs) districts.
• Ma’rib (7 HHs) – Harib (5 HHs), Majzar (1 HHs), Raghwan (1 HHs) districts.
• Al Hodeidah (4 HHs) – Al Marawiah (1 HHs), At Tuhayta (1 HHs), Al Mina (1 HHs) districts.                          

IOM identified 27 households displaced in the previous reporting period, which covered 10 - 16 December 2023, in the governorates of Ma’rib (22 HHs), Ta’iz (3 HHs), and Al Hodeidah (2 HHs). These figures have been added to the cumulative displacement total recorded since the beginning of the year.

Since the beginning of the crisis, IOM, through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) continues to conduct a series of rapid assessments, including emergency monitoring (EET/ERM), crisis analysis and registration with a priority to respond to immediate information needs with a view to understanding displacement dynamics and needs. This report presents the results of assessments carried out in the various displacement and return areas from 20 November to 15 December 2023.

The displacement data collected in this eleventh crisis analysis shows a further increase in the number of displaced people compared with the previous publication. The total number of IDPs rose from 1,076,261 to 1,240,215 as of 15 December 2023. DTM estimates the total number of newly displaced individuals by the upsurge in conflict at the beginning of December at 163,954. This increase is due to multiple clashes between government and M23 forces, in particular those which have taken place in the territories of Masisi and Nyiragongo, seeing the extension of the M23 group's area of control. 

Depuis le début de la crise, l'OIM, par le biais de la DTM continue à mener une série d'évaluations rapides, y compris le suivi des urgences (EET/ERM), l'analyse des crises et enregistrement avec priorité de répondre aux besoins immédiats d'information en vue de comprendre la dynamique des déplacements et les besoins. Ce rapport présente les résultats des évaluations menées dans les différentes zones de déplacement et de retour du 20 novembre au 15 décembre 2023.

Les données sur les déplacements recueillies dans cette onzième analyse de crise montrent une nouvelle augmentation du nombre de personnes déplacées par rapport à la publication précédente (voir le rapport). Le nombre de personnes déplacées est passé de 1 076 261 à 1 240 215 personnes au 15 décembre 2023. Cette augmentation de 15 pour cent  est due aux multiples attaques, notamment celles qui ont touché les territoires de Masisi et Nyiragongo, qui ont vu l'extension des zones de contrôle du groupe M23.

The ongoing heavy rains in the nation triggered extreme weather events which include floods and heavy storms in the month of November.

o The disasters affected a total of 38,547 individuals, representing 7,854 households while 15,962 individuals from 2,839 households were internally displaced.

o Adults (19-64 years) were the most affected population group (50%), followed by children under 18 years (42%) and the elderly who were above 64 years (8%).

o The most pressing needs are food assistance, NFI, Hygiene promotion among others.

o Houses partially damaged totaled 4,019 while 1,594 houses were completely destroyed. 208 water facilities, 42 health facilities and 32 schools were also affected.

o Disasters have so far affected 215,299 individuals and displaced over 47,467 people as reported from January to November 2023.

In March of 2023, IOM Poland launched its Integration Survey to assess the progress and needs relating to labour and social integration of refugees from Ukraine in Poland.​

The aim of the assessment is to gain an understanding of the employment situations, housing needs, financial resilience, social cohesion, barriers to accessing services, and short-medium term needs of refugees. In the 1 September - 30 November 2023 period, a total of 1,232 surveys were conducted.​

This report provides a snapshot of the social integration of Ukrainian refugees in Poland for the period of September through November of 2023, as well as an overview of key trends based on data collected from March 2023 through November (page 2).​

Key Findings

• The length of time spent in Poland is a significant determinant of the level of social integration of respondents. Those who had lived in Poland for more than 12 months at the time of interview had a higher average social integration score* (0.32) compared to those who had lived in Poland for less than 12 months (0. 23).​
• The level of social integration reduced consistently as the age of respondents increased, with those 18–24 years old having a much higher average score (0.40), and those over 65 having a lower average score (0.24).​
• Students, business owners, and those employed full-time had the highest levels of social integration (>0.39), as compared to those who were retired, unemployed, or carried out family responsibilities, who had the lowest scores (<0.22).

Between August and September 2023, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) methodology, deployed the Site Assessment (SA) Round 34 and Village Assessment Survey (VAS) Round 17 assessment tools to assess the mobility, needs and vulnerabilities of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and returning IDPs across Ethiopia.

This snapshot report will present key findings on needs and vulnerabilities, and will focus on obstacles related to accessing shelter/Non-Food Items (ESNFI) and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in the locations assessed through the SA and VAS assessments. The indicators included in the assessments were designed by the Disability Inclusion (DI) expert in country with support from the IOM-DTM team, and aim to shed light on the obstacles that people with difficulties seeing, hearing, walking, communicating and understanding, face in relation to their shelters, accessing distributions and using bathing facilities/latrines. In 61.67% of sites with IDPs, the first obstacle in relation to shelter was physical barriers to enter and leave their home and circulate inside the shelter.

Between August and September 2023, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) methodology, deployed the Site Assessment (SA) Round 34 and Village Assessment Survey (VAS) Round 17 assessment tools to assess the mobility, needs and vulnerabilities of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and returning IDPs across Ethiopia.

As part of its commitment to Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP) principles, IOM Ethiopia’s AAP and DTM teams have closely worked together on AAP implementation and mainstreaming in DTM operations. The DTM team reviewed and incorporated indicators related to AAP within the SA and VAS tools, to map communities’ access to feedback mechanisms and involvement in the decision-making process surrounding humanitarian aid. The indicators were included in the August - September 2023 multisectoral assessments which took place nationwide in IDP sites (SA) and villages of return (VAS).

The key findings from the assessments are presented in this snapshot report. Group discussions with IDPs (for SA) and with returning IDPs (for VAS) were asked if members of the target population in the location were aware of mechanisms to provide feedback and make complaints about the quality, quantity and appropriateness of the humanitarian aid they receive. In 59.20% of sites no IDPs in the location were aware of these mechanisms and in 52.56% of villages no returning IDPs were aware.