Assessment Report

This report provides insights into the profiles, experiences and journeys of migrants transiting through the Republic of Serbia. Data were collected from 1 to 31 August 2024 together with the Commissariat for Refugees and Migration of the Republic of Serbia (SCRM). The sample consists of 206 interviewed migrants in Asylum Centres (AC) Sjenica, (AC) Krnjaca, (AC) Obrenovac and Reception Centres (RC) Bujanovac, (RC) Presevo.

Extreme weather, rising sea levels, and damaged ecosystems threaten the lives and livelihoods of millions of people around the world1. Globally, in 2022, an estimated 31.8 million people were displaced due to storms, floods, wildfires, droughts, and extreme temperatures2. Climate related disasters are further expected to impact an estimated 1.2 billion persons by 20503. As such, climate change is viewed as an “increasingly potent driver of migration”4. Accordingly, climate change-induced mobility describes a wide range of human mobility that is influenced by environmental changes. The term covers migration, planned relocation, managed retreat, evacuation, and displacement.

This DTM activity focuses on Emergency Preparedness and Response (DTM EPR). It provides a timely opportunity to explore the unpredictable situation of migrants and the experiences they face due to climate-induced challenges and vulnerabilities within Trinidad and Tobago. In this regard, this DTM EPR will empower disaster/emergency management teams and other decision-makers with evidence-based insights that can guide strategic interventions to impacted populations. In this DTM EPR edition, a total of 179 migrants were surveyed in May 2024. The areas with the highest number of respondents were Chaguanas, Port-of Spain, and Diego Martin as shown in Map 1.

Since October 8 there has been an increase in cross-border incidents between Israel and Lebanon, resulting in the displacement of people both within the South and elsewhere within the country. Since October 10, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has been conducting the daily monitoring of population movements. The objective of the exercise is to inform preparedness and response planning.

Changes to Resolution #332, which came into effect in March 2024, introduced new criteria for eligibility, focusing on factors such as income level, employment status, and specific vulnerabilities, to refine the allocation of the IDP allowance. These changes have raised concerns about the exclusion of some vulnerable IDPs. As a result of advocacy from the humanitarian community, the CMU adopted new amendments to Resolution #332 on 22 March 2024, adding five more vulnerable groups (expanding to 15), including IDPs of pre-pension age and adults with serious medical conditions. Some of these groups had their eligibility status automatically extended, while others were asked to reapply to confirm their eligibility.

This update aims to analyse the effects of the new eligibility criteria for extension of the allowance on the IDP population by examining five key indicators related to the proportion of IDPs who reported:

• Holding of a valid IDP registration,
• Receipt of the IDP allowance prior to the amendment (from February 2022 to March 2024),
• Re-application for the allowance post-March 2024 under the new law,
• Receipt of the IDP allowance post-March 2024,
•  Loss of the allowance following the amendment of Resolution #332.

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with Refugees in the Ukraine Response region from April to June 2024. In the Republic of Moldova, a total of 1,892 surveys were collected. This report focuses on the economic integration of the respondents, delving deeper into their employment profiles, skills, and prospects for participation in the local labour market.

Key findings:

• 81% of the respondents possessed Temporary Protection Status. Others reported having: irregular status (16%), refugee status (1%), residence permits (1%), or Moldovan citizenship (1%).
• 87% of the active respondents were employed in Ukraine before displacement. After being displaced in the Republic of Moldova employment rates were 58% among the respondents that actively participated in the labour market.
• Among employed respondents, 35% had an official working contract in the Republic of Moldova and 21% were working based on a verbal agreement. The remaining had a remote working contract in another country (36%) or preferred not to disclose their status (8%).
• Two-thirds (62%) of men and 76 per cent of women were satisfied with their working arrangement.
• Respondents reported an average monthly expenditure of 280 euro on rent and 90 on utilities.
• 53% of the surveyed households had a total monthly income of less than 400 euros.
• 72% reported receiving an average of 400 euros monthly in remittances from Ukraine.

In March of 2023, IOM Poland launched its Integration Survey to assess the progress and needs relating to the economic and social integration of refugees from Ukraine in Poland. The assessment aims to understand the employment, housing, finances, social connections, integration challenges, urgent needs, and vulnerabilities of refugees from Ukraine; as well as how these have changed over time. The survey includes a longitudinal component in which consenting participants are surveyed over the phone between 2 and 6 months following their initial survey.

This report provides an analysis of how respondents' situations have changed over time, focusing on various aspects of social, labour and economic integration. Initial surveys were conducted throughout the spring and summer of 2023, and follow up surveys between the summer and winter of 2023-2024. A total of 160 respondents participated in the longitudinal component.

IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) collected data on the needs, intentions, and integration challenges of refugees as part of the Surveys with Refugees in the Ukraine Response Region exercise. From April to June 2024 (Q2), DTM interviewed a total of 248 individuals in Romania. This report presents the findings on access to services that facilitate integration, and needs and assistance.

Key findings:

• Migration status
  • 92% EU Temporary protection status
  • 8% Other Active population:
• Household (HH) composition
  • At least 2 adults and 1 child – 35%
  • A single adult and at least 1 child – 19%
  • Alone –19%
  • At least two adults and no children – 24%
  • Other – 3%
• Children  
  • 69 % - children aged between 5 and 17 years old 
  • 31% - infants aged between 0 and 4 years old 
• Needs 
  • Financial support (68%) 
  • Food supply (59%) 
  • Sanitary products (58%) 
  • Health services (33%)  
  • Education for adults (24%) 
• Obstacles in accessing healthcare   
  • Language barrier (28%) 
  • Cost (23%) 
  • Long queues (6%) 
• Ease of visiting a doctor 
  • Very difficult (8%) 
  • Somewhat difficult (27%)
  • Neither easy, nor difficult (21%)
  • Somewhat easy (13%) 
  • Very easy (<1%) 
  • Unknown (33%) 

This report reflects data corresponding to Sudan Mobility Update (6) dataset. The dataset is available here. 

Overview:  
This report provides an overview of the total population of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sudan, including those displaced both before and after the onset of the conflict on 15 April 2023.    
 
Key Findings:  

• An estimated total of 10,878,024 IDPs were displaced to 9,058 locations, in 183 localities, across all 18 states in Sudan.  
• An estimated 8,112,654 individuals were displaced internally within Sudan since 15 April 2023.   
• An estimated 28 per cent of IDPs who were initially displaced prior to the onset of the current conflict experienced secondary displacement since 15 April 2023.   
• Approximately 2,344,904 individuals borders into neighbouring countries since 15 April 2023.   
• The top states of origin were Khartoum (34%, 3,694,639 IDPs), South Darfur (19%), and North Darfur (14%)   
• The highest proportion of IDPs were hosted in South Darfur (17%), North  Darfur (14%), and Gedaref (9%) states. 
• Over half (52%) of IDPs were reportedly children under the age of 18-years-old.   

Annex 1 includes an operational matrix with a table of estimated IDPs per state, disaggregated by displacement before versus after 15 April 2023.   

Note: The number of IDPs displaced post 15 April 2023 (8,112,654 IDPs) includes the estimated 1,055,402 IDPs who were initially displaced prior to 15 April 2023 and experienced secondary displacement since 15 April 2023. DTM Sudan defines an internally displaced person as any person who has been forced or obliged to flee from their habitual residence due to an event dating from 2003 onwards.  

Following the release of the first edition of PROGRESS 2023 report, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) carried out focus group discussions to understand the nuances of the effects of displacement from the perspectives of individuals who were displaced, had returned or were part of non-displaced communities which hosted IDPs. The focus group discussions served as a forum to share viewpoints that are not often captured by traditional data collection exercises, including affected communities' perceptions of cultural and gendered effects of displacement in their communities. The discussions were conducted in local languages and translated by IOM DTM staff.

This report presents a deeper country-specific dive into the findings of the qualitative analysis of six focus group discussions conducted between 1 and 15 August 2023 in South West Ethiopia People’s region and Afar region with 59 representatives from the IDP, returning IDP and non-displaced resident communities. Sixty per cent of respondents were male and the remaining 40 per cent were female. Seventy-three per cent of respondents were between the ages of 18 and 59, the remaining 22 per cent were older than 60 years, and 5 per cent were youth.

Following the release of the first edition of PROGRESS 2023 report, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has compiled a series of National Displacement Profiles based on end of year 2023 figures. These profiles offer insights into the latest end-of-year 2023 figures, aligning with the objectives outlined by the Data for Solutions to Internal Displacement Taskforce (DSID).

The profile provides a comprehensive overview of the demographic breakdowns and geographical distribution of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ethiopia as of the end of 2023. It delves into the primary areas of origin and displacement for IDPs, shedding light on the factors influencing their decision-making processes regarding the selection of solutions locations.

This compilation underscores the critical role of data in addressing internal displacement challenges and highlights the ongoing efforts to leverage data-driven solutions through collaborative initiatives like DSID.