Assessment Report

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with Refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024. In Estonia, a total of 958 surveys were collected. This report focuses on the economic integration of the respondents, delving deeper into their employment profiles, skills, and prospects for participation in the local labour market. 

Key findings:

• 85% of respondents were active, while 15% were inactive.
• Within the active population, 72% were employed and 28% were unemployed and looking for a job.
• Among the inactive population, 22% were on parental leave, 26% were retired, 27% were students and 14% were unemployed and not looking for a job.
• The majority of Ukrainian refugees depend on their income (62%) as the main source for daily expenses. However, over two-fifths (42%) of respondents rely on the authorities’ support, 33% on familial support and 11% on their savings. 9% still receive welfare benefits from Ukraine.
• 22% did not attend any type of language classes for Estonian. However 46% are attending language classes at schools, over one quarter have classes with migration authorities and 18% receive online classes.
• The majority of respondents have not received any remittances (83%). 17% received 20 to 2,000 euros. Among recipients, 43% stated they have spent from 10 to 2,000 euros, whereas 57 per cent haven’t spent any of their remittances.
• Regarding entrepreneurship, many displaced Ukrainians are inter­ested in opening their own business (29%). 3% already own their own business and 8% are unsure of wanting to. A significant proportion (80%) are not interested in having their own business.
• For the first time, IOM’s DTM questioned respondents regarding workplace exploitation in Estonia, uncovering that 5% of those surveyed had encountered some degree of labour exploitation.

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024. In Estonia, a total of 958 surveys were collected. This report focuses on the characteristics, socio-demographic composition, challenges, and needs of the displaced population in Estonia, with a particular emphasis on healthcare and the medical needs of the respondents.

Key findings:

• 67% of those who reported experiencing health-related issues, have or live with people with chronic diseases or serious medical conditions, while 40% reported living with a person with visual impairment and 21% have or are with someone with mobility issues.
• Health related needs reported by the respondents include health care services (31%), mental and psychosocial support (10%), and medication (5%).
• 81% of respondents were registered with a General Practitioner (GP), 19% were not.
• Reasons for not being registered included being refused by a doctor (45%), having no need (18%) and long waiting times (10%).
• 86% of children were registered with a doctor.
• The most reported barriers to accessing health care were long queues (49%), language barrier (17%), costs (11%), and unavailable services (5%).
• Only 18% of respondents used mental health support services.

This report provides insights into the profiles, experiences, needs, routes travelled and intentions of migrants transiting through the Western Balkans. IOM surveyed 1,307 migrants from 1 May to 31 May 2024 in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Kosovo*.

* References to Kosovo* shall be understood in the context of UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999).

This report provides insights into the profiles, experiences, needs, routes travelled and intentions of migrants transiting through Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Data was collected from 1 to 30 May 2024. IOM carried out a route observation exercise in the Republika Srpska, Sarajevo Canton, Posavina Canton, Tuzla Canton, Bosnian- Podrinje Canton and Una Sana Canton to monitor trends in entries and exits as well as transit modalities within BiH. IOM also surveyed 272 migrants in active transit locations such as bus stops or at key entry and exit locations throughout the country as well as in four transit reception centres (TRCs) in BiH (Lipa, Ušivak, Borići and Blažuj).

Following the release of the first edition of PROGRESS 2023 report, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) carried out focus group discussions to understand the nuances of the effects of displacement from the perspectives of individuals who were displaced, had returned or were part of communities which hosted IDPs. The focus group discussions served as a forum to share viewpoints that are not often captured by traditional data collection exercises, including affected communities' perceptions of cultural and gendered effects of displacement in their communities. The discussions were conducted in local languages and translated by IOM DTM staff.

This report presents a deeper country-specific dive into the findings of the qualitative analysis of 25 focus group discussions conducted between 1 and 15 August 2023 mostly in Ma’rib City and Harib with 281 representatives of IDPs, host community, and returnees. Just under one third (32%) of the respondents were female. Seventy-three per cent of respondents were between the age of 18 and 59, 20 per cent were under the age of 17, and 7 per cent were older than 60 years.

Following the release of the first edition of PROGRESS 2023 report, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has compiled a series of National Displacement Profiles based on end of year 2023 figures. These profiles offer insights into the latest end-of-year 2023 figures, aligning with the objectives outlined by the Data for Solutions to Internal Displacement Taskforce (DSID).

The profile provides a comprehensive overview of the demographic breakdowns and geographical distribution of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Yemen as of the end of 2023. It delves into the primary areas of origin and displacement for IDPs, shedding light on the factors influencing their decision-making processes regarding the selection of solutions locations. Additionally, the report discusses the obstacles encountered by IDPs in their pursuit of durable solutions.

This compilation underscores the critical role of data in addressing internal displacement challenges and highlights the ongoing efforts to leverage data-driven solutions through collaborative initiatives like DSID.

El informe de Tendencias Migratorias en Centroamérica, Norteamérica y el Caribe resume las dinámicas migratorias recientes en la region, con el propósito de ayudar a expandir la base de evidencia para la toma de decisiones en materia migratoria. El informe se basa en fuentes públicas disponibles regularmente y busca solventar las necesidades de información de gobiernos, donantes, agencias de Naciones Unidas, academia y sociedad civil.

El informe de Tendencias Migratorias en Centroamérica, Norteamérica y el Caribe resume las dinámicas migratorias recientes en la region, con el propósito de ayudar a expandir la base de evidencia para la toma de decisiones en materia migratoria. El informe se basa en fuentes públicas disponibles regularmente y busca solventar las necesidades de información de gobiernos, donantes, agencias de Naciones Unidas, academia y sociedad civil.

El informe de Tendencias Migratorias en Centroamérica, Norteamérica y el Caribe resume las dinámicas migratorias recientes en la region, con el propósito de ayudar a expandir la base de evidencia para la toma de decisiones en materia migratoria. El informe se basa en fuentes públicas disponibles regularmente y busca solventar las necesidades de información de gobiernos, donantes, agencias de Naciones Unidas, academia y sociedad civil.

El informe de Tendencias Migratorias en Centroamérica, Norteamérica y el Caribe resume las dinámicas migratorias recientes en la region, con el propósito de ayudar a expandir la base de evidencia para la toma de decisiones en materia migratoria. El informe se basa en fuentes públicas disponibles regularmente y busca solventar las necesidades de información de gobiernos, donantes, agencias de Naciones Unidas, academia y sociedad civil.