Flow Monitoring

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with Refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024. In Estonia, a total of 958 surveys were collected. This report focuses on the economic integration of the respondents, delving deeper into their employment profiles, skills, and prospects for participation in the local labour market. 

Key findings:

• 85% of respondents were active, while 15% were inactive.
• Within the active population, 72% were employed and 28% were unemployed and looking for a job.
• Among the inactive population, 22% were on parental leave, 26% were retired, 27% were students and 14% were unemployed and not looking for a job.
• The majority of Ukrainian refugees depend on their income (62%) as the main source for daily expenses. However, over two-fifths (42%) of respondents rely on the authorities’ support, 33% on familial support and 11% on their savings. 9% still receive welfare benefits from Ukraine.
• 22% did not attend any type of language classes for Estonian. However 46% are attending language classes at schools, over one quarter have classes with migration authorities and 18% receive online classes.
• The majority of respondents have not received any remittances (83%). 17% received 20 to 2,000 euros. Among recipients, 43% stated they have spent from 10 to 2,000 euros, whereas 57 per cent haven’t spent any of their remittances.
• Regarding entrepreneurship, many displaced Ukrainians are inter­ested in opening their own business (29%). 3% already own their own business and 8% are unsure of wanting to. A significant proportion (80%) are not interested in having their own business.
• For the first time, IOM’s DTM questioned respondents regarding workplace exploitation in Estonia, uncovering that 5% of those surveyed had encountered some degree of labour exploitation.

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024. In Estonia, a total of 958 surveys were collected. This report focuses on the characteristics, socio-demographic composition, challenges, and needs of the displaced population in Estonia, with a particular emphasis on healthcare and the medical needs of the respondents.

Key findings:

• 67% of respondents have or live with people with chronic diseases or serious medical conditions, while 40% reported living with a person with visual impairment and 21% have or are with someone with mobility issues.
• Health related needs reported by the respondents include health care services (31%), mental and psychosocial support (10%), and medication (5%).
• 81% of respondents were registered with a General Practitioner (GP), 19% were not.
• Reasons for not being registered included being refused by a doctor (45%), having no need (18%) and long waiting times (10%).
• 86% of children were registered with a doctor.
• The most reported barriers to accessing health care were long queues (49%), language barrier (17%), costs (11%), and unavailable services (5%).
• Only 18% of respondents used mental health support services.

This report provides insights into the profiles, experiences, needs, routes travelled and intentions of migrants transiting through the Western Balkans. IOM surveyed 1,307 migrants from 1 May to 31 May 2024 in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Kosovo*.

* References to Kosovo* shall be understood in the context of UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999).

This report provides insights into the profiles, experiences, needs, routes travelled and intentions of migrants transiting through Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Data was collected from 1 to 30 May 2024. IOM carried out a route observation exercise in the Republika Srpska, Sarajevo Canton, Posavina Canton, Tuzla Canton, Bosnian- Podrinje Canton and Una Sana Canton to monitor trends in entries and exits as well as transit modalities within BiH. IOM also surveyed 272 migrants in active transit locations such as bus stops or at key entry and exit locations throughout the country as well as in four transit reception centres (TRCs) in BiH (Lipa, Ušivak, Borići and Blažuj).

Monthly Overview of:

• Arrivals in the Western Balkans
• Top three nationalities at arrivals in the reporting month
• Migrants presence in reception facilities
• Assisted Voluntary Returns and reintegration

Mjesečni pregled:

• Dolasci na Zapadni Balkan
• Tri najzastupljenije nacionalnosti u izvještajnom mjesecu
• Prisustvo migranata u prihvatnim centrima
• Potpomognuti dobrovoljni povratak i reintegracija

Месечен преглед на:

• Пристигнувања во Западен Балкан
• Топ три националности на лица кои пристигнале во месецот на известување
• Присуство на мигранти во прифатните објекти
• Доброволно асистирано враќање и реинтеграција

Përmbledhje mujore të:

• Arritjet në Ballkanin Perëndimor
• Tre kombësitë kryesore të arriturëve
• Prania e migrantëve në qendrat pritëse
• Kthimet vullnetare dhe të asistuara

According to the latest figures from the Turkish Presidency of Migration Management (PMM), there are more than 4.5 million foreigners in Türkiye, of whom 3.4 million are seeking international protection. Most of them are Syrians (3,114,099) who have been granted temporary protection status. Another group of foreigners are international protection holders mainly from Iraq, Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Ukraine. In 2023, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), there were 296,685 refugees and asylum-seekers in Türkiye. In addition, 1,125,623 foreigners with residence permits were in Türkiye as of May 2024, which is 175,714 people less than in May 2023.

El informe de Tendencias Migratorias en Centroamérica, Norteamérica y el Caribe resume las dinámicas migratorias recientes en la region, con el propósito de ayudar a expandir la base de evidencia para la toma de decisiones en materia migratoria. El informe se basa en fuentes públicas disponibles regularmente y busca solventar las necesidades de información de gobiernos, donantes, agencias de Naciones Unidas, academia y sociedad civil.