March 2020 - December 2021

شیوع همه گیری کووید 19 در ابتدای سال 2020، بر پویایی جمعیتی در سطح جهانی و منطقه ای و همینطور در جمهوری اسلامی ایران تأثیرگذار بوده است که این تأثیر بیشتر به شکل ایجاد محدودیت ها یا تغییرات ناگهانی در مسافرت ها خود را نشان داده است.

به منظور درک بهتر چگونگی تأثیر همه گیری بر پویایی جمعیتی در سطح جهانی، سازمان بین المللی مهاجرت ابزاری برخط (آنلاین) و پایگاه داده ای ایجاد نموده است تا بتوان گذرگاه های ورودی، خروجی و گذار مانند فرودگاه ها، مرزهای زمینی و دریایی را که محدودیت های آمد و شد، اقدامات آمادگی و پاسخ به کووید 19 در آنجا صورت میگیرد، را به تصویر کشد. به منظور کمک به این تلاش ها، سازمان بین المللی مهاجرت در طول 22 ماه گذشته تلاش نموده است تا داده های مرتبط را از منابع رسمی دولتی جمع آوری نموده و در قالب این گزارش برای درک بهتر تأثیرات کووید 19 بر پویایی جمعیتی به نمایش در آورد. بر اساس داده های جمع آوری شده می توان تحلیل های جامعی از روندهای پویایی و محدودیت های ناشی از همه گیری داشت تا بتوان به صورت اثربخش تری برای مهار تأثیرات کووید 19 برنامه ریزی نمود.

در طول دوره نوامبر و دسامبر سال 2021، سازمان بین المللی مهاجرت موفق گردید تا 93 گذرگاه و وضعیت آن ها را نمایش دهد. رایج ترین نوع گذرگاه های بررسی شده شامل 47 فرودگاه، 30 گذرگاه زمینی و 16 گذرگاه دریایی می باشد. شایان ذکر است که مبادی گذار در این تحلیل لحاظ نشده اند. در پایان ماه دسامبر 2021، 45 گذرگاه کاملا عملیاتی، 43 گذرگاه نیمه عملیاتی و 2 گذرگاه به طور کامل بسته بودند.

برای جلوگیری از انتقال ویروس کووید 19 گونه Omicron، مرزهای آبی و زمینی ایران و کشورهای همسایه بسته شد. سفر از هشت کشور آفریقایی و چهار کشور اروپایی به جز برای افراد دارای اقامت دائم، مجوز تحصیلی، پزشکی و تجاری و خانواده های دیپلمات ها ممنوع شد.

Between 2 and 16 October 2020, DTM tracked 4,042 individuals (752 families) returning to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj districts in Iraq’s Ninewa governorate. This brings the total number of individuals that have taken this route to 30,706 (5,736 families) since data collection commenced on 8 June.
In this reporting period, the average number of daily individual arrivals was 19 to Al-Ba’aj and 250 to Sinjar. While in this period the daily average number of arrivals to Al-Ba’aj is consistent with the overall daily average since 8 June (21), the daily average number of arrivals to Sinjar is higher than the overall daily average since 8 June (217).
This increase in arrivals can be explained by increased assistance being provided to IDPs in returning to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj, as well as reports of greater employment opportunities in these districts compared with the locations in which they had been displaced.
Of those individuals who returned between 2 and 16 October, a total of 3,757 were recorded in Sinjar (93%) and 285 were recorded in Al-Ba’aj (7%) – broadly consistent with the rates of individuals’ districts of arrival since 8 June.
The most common sub-district of arrival was Al-Shamal with 2,173 individuals (54%), followed by Markaz Sinjar with 848 individuals (21%). Together, these two sub-districts comprise 80% of all individuals recorded as having arrived to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj since data collection commenced on 8 June. Otherwise, 736 individuals arrived to the sub-district of Qaeyrrawan (18%) and 285 arrived to Al-Qahtaniya (7%).
Of those individuals identified as returning between 2 and 16 October, 3,405 were recorded as returnees (84%), while the remaining 673 were recorded as out-of-camp IDPs (16%). This represents a deviation from the overall proportion of individuals having been identified as returnees (74%) and out-of-camp IDPs (26%) since 8 June.
Additionally, between 2 and 16 October, a total of 3,297 individuals were recorded as departing from Dahuk Governorate (82%) – which is similar with the rates of individuals having departed from there since 8 June (81%). As with all previous rounds, between 2 and 16 October, the majority of individuals from Dahuk were recorded as coming from the districts of Sumel (44% of all individuals) and Zakho (32% of all individuals). The remaining individuals from Dahuk Governorate were recorded as coming from the districts of Dahuk (3% of all individuals) and Amedi (3% of all individuals).
Additionally, between 2 and 16 October, a further 650 individuals were recorded as having come from within Ninewa (16%), mainly from two districts: Al-Shikhan (11% of all individuals) and Tilkaif (3% of all individuals).
This proportion (16%) of individuals recorded as having come from Ninewa between 2 and 16 October is broadly consistent with the overall proportion of individuals recorded as having come from there since 8 June (18%). Otherwise, 59 individuals were recording arriving from Erbil Governorate (1% of all individuals), while 36 individuals arrived from Sulaymaniyah Governorate (1% of all individuals).
Since 8 June, almost all individuals have been recorded as having departed from Sumel (51% of all individuals), Zakho (27%), and Al-Shikhan districts (14%).
Between 2 and 16 October, of the 3,757 individuals that arrived to Sinjar District, 3,217 came from Dahuk Governorate (83%), while 541 came from within Ninewa (15%), 53 came from Erbil (1%), and 36 came from Sulaymaniyah (1%). Additionally, of the 285 individuals that arrived to Al-Ba’aj District, 170 came from Dahuk (60%), 109 came from within Ninewa (38%), and six came from Erbil (2%).
Furthermore, during the same period, a total of 2,407 individuals were recorded as coming from camp settings (60%), while the remaining 1,635 individuals came from out-of-camp settings (40%). This differs from the rates of individuals coming from different settings since 8 June, as follows: 21,834 individuals have arrived from camp settings (71%) compared with 8,872 individuals that have arrived from out-of-camp settings (29%).
Between 2 and 16 October, increases were recorded to the number of individuals who had been living in camp settings in their previous districts of displacement. The total number of individuals now in Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj who have come from camp settings within Sumel is now 10,793 (up from 9,874), while Zakho’s is 6,888 (up from 5,894), and Al-Shikhan’s is 3,605 (up from 3,246).
In addition, since 8 June, the total number of individuals that have come from out-of-camp settings within Sumel is now 4,768 (up from 3,904), while Zakho’s is now 1,368 (up from 1,066), and Al-Shikhan’s is 771 (up from 681).

Between 18 September and 1 October 2020, DTM tracked 3,976 individuals (753 families) returning to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj districts in Iraq’s Ninewa governorate. This brings the total number of individuals that have taken this route to 26,361 (4,931 families) since data collection commenced on 8 June.

In this reporting period, the average number of daily individual arrivals was 22 to Al-Ba’aj and 306 to Sinjar. While the daily average number of arrivals to Al-Ba’aj is consistent with the overall daily number of arrivals there since 8 June (21), the daily average number of arrivals to Sinjar is significantly higher than the overall daily number of arrivals since 8 June (212).

This increase in arrivals can be explained by increased assistance being provided to IDPs in returning to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj, as well as reports of greater employment opportunities in these districts compared with the locations in which they had been displaced.

Of those individuals who returned between 18 September and 1 October, a total of 3,694 were recorded in Sinjar (93%) and 282 were recorded in Al-Ba’aj (7%) – broadly consistent with the rates of individuals’ districts of arrival since 8 June.

The most common sub-district of arrival was Al-Shamal with 2,476 individuals (62%), followed by Markaz Sinjar with 850 individuals (21%). Together, these two sub-districts comprise 81% of all individuals recorded as having arrived to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj since data collection commenced on 8 June. Otherwise, for the first time since 8 June, a small number of individuals (5) were recorded as arriving to Markaz Al-Ba’aj.

Of those individuals identified as returning between 18 September and 1 October, 3,217 were recorded as returnees (81%), while the remaining 759 were recorded as out-of-camp IDPs (19%). This represents a deviation from the overall proportion of individuals having been identified as returnees (72%) and out-of-camp IDPs (28%) since 8 June

Between 4 and 31 January 2021, DTM tracked 1,256 individuals (227 families) returning to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj districts in Iraq’s Ninewa Governorate. This brings the total number of individuals who have taken this route to 46,558 (8,721 families) since data collection commenced on 8 June 2020.

In this reporting period, the average number of daily individual arrivals was 39 to Sinjar (down significantly from 111 in the last round) and five to Al-Ba’aj (down from 10 in the last round). In this period, the daily number of arrivals to Sinjar was significantly lower than the overall daily average since 8 June (181). The daily number of arrivals to Al-Ba’aj was also lower than the overall daily average since 8 June (17).

Of those individuals who arrived between 4 and 31 January 2021, a total of 1,124 were recorded in Sinjar (89%) and 132 were recorded in Al-Ba’aj (11%) – broadly consistent with the rates of individuals’ districts of arrival since 8 June.
The most common sub-district of arrival was Al-Shamal with 731 individuals (58%), followed by Markaz Sinjar with 283 individuals (23%). Together, these two sub-districts comprise 78 per cent of all individuals recorded as having arrived to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj since data collection commenced on 8 June. Otherwise, 132 arrived to Al-Qahtaniyah (10%) and 110 individuals arrived to the sub-district of Qaeyrrawan (9%).

Of those individuals identified as returning between 4 and 31 January 2021, 1,058 were recorded as returnees (84%), while the remaining 198 were recorded as out-of-camp IDPs (16%). This represents a minor deviation from the overall proportion of individuals having been identified as returnees (77%) and out-ofcamp IDPs (23%) since 8 June.
Additionally, between 4 and 31 January 2021, a total of 993 individuals were recorded as departing from Dahuk Governorate (79%) – which is similar to the rates of individuals having departed from there since 8 June (81%). As with all previous rounds, between 4 and 31 January 2021, the majority of individuals from Dahuk were recorded as coming from the districts of Sumel (61% of all individuals) and Zakho (16%). The remaining individuals from Dahuk Governorate were recorded as coming from the districts of Amedi (2% of all individuals) and Dahuk (<1%).

Additionally, between 3 and 31 January 2021, a further 183 individuals were recorded as having come from within Ninewa (15% of all individuals), from two districts: 168 came from Al-Shikhan (14%) and 15 came from Sinjar (1%).
This proportion (15%) of individuals recorded as having come from Ninewa between 4 and 31 January 2021 is consistent with the overall proportion of individuals recorded as having come from there since 8 June (18%). Otherwise, in this reporting period, 80 individuals arrived from Sulaymaniyah Governorate (6%), and unlike previous rounds, no individuals arrived from Erbil or Kerbala Governorates.

Since 8 June, almost all individuals have been recorded as having departed from the districts of Sumel (49%) and Zakho (28%) in Dahuk Governorate, and Al-Shikhan (14%) in Ninewa Governorate.

Between 4 and 31 January 2021, of the 1,124 individuals who arrived to Sinjar District, 899 came from Dahuk Governorate (80%), while 145 came from within Ninewa (13%), and 80 came from Sulaymaniyah (7%). Additionally, of the 132 individuals who arrived to Al-Ba’aj District, 94 came from Dahuk Governorate (71%) and 38 came from within Ninewa (29%).

Furthermore, during the same period, a total of 589 individuals were recorded as coming from camp settings (47%), while the remaining 667 individuals came from out-of-camp settings (53%). This represents a deviation from the rates of individuals coming from different settings since 8 June, as follows: 32,182 individuals have arrived from camp settings (69%) while 14,376 individuals have arrived from out-of-camp settings (31%).

Between 22 August and 2 September 2020, DTM tracked 3,278 individuals (644 families) returning to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj districts in Iraq’s Ninewa governorate.
This brings the total number of individuals that have taken this route to 22,263 (4,153 families) since data collection commenced on 8 June.

In this reporting period, the average number of daily individual arrivals was 198 to Sinjar and 21 to Al-Ba’aj. This is consistent with the overall daily average number of arrivals since 8 June; however, it is significantly higher than the daily averages recorded in the month of August (133 to Sinjar and 13 to Al-Ba’aj). The higher number of arrivals in September can be explained by increased assistance that is being provided to IDPs in returning to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj districts.

Of those individuals who returned between 3 and 17 September, a total of 2,966 were recorded in Sinjar (90%) and 312 were recorded in Al-Ba’aj (10%) – broadly consistent with the rates of individuals’ districts of arrival since 8 June.
The most common sub-district of arrival was Al-Shamal with 1,855 individuals (57%), followed by Markaz Sinjar with 723 individuals (22%). Together, these two sub-districts comprise 81% of all individuals recorded as having arrived to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj since data collection commenced on 8 June.
Of those individuals identified as returning between 3 and 17 September, 2,892 were recorded as returnees (88%), while the remaining 386 were recorded as out-of-camp IDPs (12%). This represents a deviation from the overall proportion of individuals having been identified as returnees (71%) and out-of-camp IDPs (29%) since 8 June.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 has affected global and regional mobility, including mobility in
Iran (Islamic Republic of), through various travel disruptions and restrictions.

To better understand how the pandemic affects global mobility, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) developed an online tool and database to register points of entry, exit and transit - such as airports, land and blue border crossing points - where mobility restrictions and preparedness and response measures are in place. To support these efforts, over a period of 22 months, the Displacement Tracking Matrix Regional Evidence for Migration Analysis and Policy (DTM REMAP) team in Iran (Islamic Republic of) mapped and gathered data on the locations, statuses and restrictions at Points of Entry (PoE) in the country. The information gathered allows more in-depth analysis to uncover specific trends related to the locations, statuses and restrictions of PoEs in Iran (Islamic Republic of).

Between November and December 2021, the DTM REMAP team in Iran (Islamic Republic of) assessed 93 PoEs. The most common type of PoE reported was airports (47), followed by land borders (30) and blue borders (16). Internal transit points are not take into account in this snapshot. At the end of December, 45 PoEs were fully operational, 43 were partially operational and two were fully closed.

Between 11 June and 16 July 2020, DTM tracked 1,584 individuals (264 families) returning to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj districts in Iraq’s Ninewa governorate. This represents a decrease in the number of individuals that took this route between 4-10 July (2,169 individuals), and brings the total number of individuals having taken it to 10,165 (1,694 families) since data collection commenced on 8 June.

Of those individuals who moved back between 11 and 16 July, a total of 1,535 were recorded in Sinjar (97%) and 49 were recorded in Al-Ba’aj (3%)—broadly consistent with the rates of individuals’ districts of arrival since 8 June.
By far, the most common sub-district of arrival was Al-Shamal with 1,214 individuals (77%), followed by Markaz Sinjar with 297 individuals (19%).

Together, these two sub-districts comprise 85% of all individuals recorded as having arrived to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj since data collection commenced on 8 June.
Of those individuals identified between 11 and 16 July, 1,165 were recorded as returnees (74%), while 419 were recorded as out-of-camp IDPs (26%).
This contrasts with the overall proportion of individuals been identified as returnees (67%) and IDPs (33%) since 8 June.

Between 22 August and 2 September 2020, DTM tracked 2,258 individuals (431 families) returning to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj districts in Iraq’s Ninewa governorate. This brings the total number of individuals that have taken this route to 18,214 (3,366 families) since data collection commenced on 8 June.

In this reporting period, the average number of daily individual arrivals was 178 to Sinjar and 26 to Al-Ba’aj. This is broadly consistent with the overall daily average number of arrivals since 8 June; however, it is significantly higher than the daily averages recorded in the previous reporting period (48 to Sinjar and 7 to Al-Ba’aj). This increase was due to a significant number of individuals arriving in this period rather than taking their planned journey in August, due to temporary movement restrictions introduced in their displacement camp in Sumel District following an outbreak of Coronavirus.

Of those individuals who returned between 22 August and 2 September, a total of 2,130 were recorded in Sinjar (94%) and 128 were recorded in Al-Ba’aj (6%) – broadly consistent with the rates of individuals’ districts of arrival since 8 June.
The most common sub-district of arrival was Al-Shamal with 1,452 individuals (64%), followed by Markaz Sinjar with 472 individuals (21%). Together, these two sub-districts comprise 82% of all individuals recorded as having arrived to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj since data collection commenced on 8 June.

Of those individuals identified as returning between 22 August and 2 September, 1,837 were recorded as returnees (81%), while the remaining 421 were recorded as out-of-camp IDPs (19%). This represents a deviation from the overall proportion of individuals having been identified as returnees (68%) and IDPs (32%) since 8 June.

Between 7 and 21 August 2020, DTM tracked 716 individuals (132 families) returning to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj districts in Iraq’s Ninewa governorate. This brings the total number of individuals that have taken this route to 15,469 (2,850 families) since data collection commenced on 8 June.

Of those individuals who returned between 7 and 21 August, a total of 621 were recorded in Sinjar (87%) and 95 were recorded in Al-Ba’aj (13%) – broadly consistent with the rates of individuals’ districts of arrival since 8 June.

Rates of arrivals have continued to decline in the month of August after peaking in July. Between 7 and 21 August, the average number of individual arrivals was 48 to Sinjar and 7 to Al-Ba’aaj. This is significantly lower than the overall daily average number of individual arrivals to the two districts since 8 June – which are 192 to Sinjar and 20 to Al-Ba’aj.

The most common sub-district of arrival was Al-Shamal with 299 individ- uals (42%), followed by Markaz Sinjar with 228 individuals (32%). Together, these two sub-districts comprise 82% of all individuals recorded as having arrived to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj since data collection commenced on 8 June. Of those individuals identified as returning between 7 and 21 August, 490 were recorded as returnees (68%), while the remaining 226 were recorded as out-of-camp IDPs (32%). This is consistent with the overall proportion of individuals having been identified as returnees (66%) and IDPs (34%) since 8 June.

Between 28 July and 6 August 2020, DTM tracked 839 individuals (160 families) returning to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj districts in Iraq’s Ninewa Governorate. This brings the total number of individuals that have taken this route to 14,704 (2,711 families) since data collection commenced on 8 June.

Of those individuals who returned between 28 July and 6 August, a total of 690 were recorded in Sinjar (82%) and 149 were recorded in Al-Ba’aj (18%). This is broadly consistent with the rates of individuals’ districts of arrival since 8 June.
During the period between 28 July and 6 August, the average number of daily individual arrivals was 69 to Sinjar and 17 to Al-Ba’aj. This is significantly lower than the overall daily average number of individual arrivals since 8 June to Sinjar (222 individuals) and Al-Ba’aj (23) The most common sub-district of arrival was Markaz Sinjar with 349 individuals (42%), followed by Al-Shamal with 229 individuals (27%). Together, these two sub-districts comprise 82% of all individuals recorded as having arrived to Sinjar and Al-Ba’aj since data collection commenced on 8 June.

Of those individuals identified between 28 July and 6 August, 584 were recorded as returnees (70%), while the remaining 255 were recorded as out-of-camp IDPs (30%). This this is consistent with the overall proportion of individuals having been identified as returnees (66%) and out-of-camp IDPs (34%) since 8 June.