The GRANIT was conceived in 2021 in Dakar at the initiative of OCHA, IOM and REACH with the support of the Regional Sectoral Groups, UN agencies and NGOs. GRANIT seeks to create a forum of technical experts and information managers to pave the way for a regional, holistic and cross-sectoral analytical approach to inform the crisis preparedness and response phases. The aim of the monitoring tool is to track developments in the context in the target countries, using a multi-hazard approach. To this end, 15 indicators have been selected by the regional group of experts in emergency preparedness and response and GRANIT members. This report presents the evolution of the situation in Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana and Togo, as of 31 May 2023. 

Between 16 and 31 July 2023, 3,200 undocumented Afghan nationals spontaneously returned to Afghanistan, including 1,330 through the Torkham border point and 1,870 through the Chaman border point. Border authorities facilitated the return of 73 individuals due to the lack of legal documentation to remain in Pakistan. Therefore, information about these individuals is not included in the count. Although IOM identified 52,782 undocumented Afghan returnees (between 1 January - 31 July 2023) at two border crossings, this may not reflect the total number of undocumented Afghan returnees. Moreover, for this study, only the head of household or representative of the family were interviewed. This means that the number of interviews conducted by the enumerators is lower than the number of returnees recorded by IOM. Between 16 and 31 July 2023, IOM interviewed 201 respondents.