La Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM), como agencia de las Naciones Unidas en materia de migración en Costa Rica, implementó, desde 2021, dos rondas de la Matriz de Seguimiento al Desplazamiento (DTM por sus siglas en inglés) como parte de su estrategia de monitoreo del flujo migratorio circular de personas de nacionalidad nicaragüense, en puntos fronterizos no oficiales, en distintos cantones del norte del país. A partir de este ejercicio en tres puntos de ingreso no oficial de la frontera con Nicaragua, se contabilizaron 60 697 movimientos migratorios, de los cuales el 59 por ciento fueron egresos y 41 por ciento ingresos.

Siendo parte fundamental de la misión de OIM brindar asesoría clave sobre políticas y prácticas migratorias, se vuelve necesario actualizar los datos de este flujo migratorio circular de nicaragüenses que cruzan tanto de forma regular como irregular la frontera norte de Costa Rica.

Según los registros de la DGME de ingresos y egresos regulares por puestos fronterizos oficiales en Los Chiles y Peñas Blancas, en 2022 hubo 394.730 movimientos migratorios regulares (50 % ingresos y 50 % egresos). Durante el 2023, en total se registraron 526.271 movimientos migratorios (50 % ingresos y 50 % egresos) . Los movimientos migratorios de 2023 superaron en un 33,3 por ciento los de 2022. Durante enero del 2024, se han realizado un total de 62.233 movimientos migratorios siendo el 63 por ciento ingresos y el 37 por ciento egresos.

Since October 8 there has been an increase in cross-border incidents between Israel and Lebanon, resulting in the displacement of people both within the South and elsewhere within the country. Since October 10, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has been conducting the daily monitoring of population movements. The objective of the exercise is to inform preparedness and response planning.

Between 22 December to 12 February, a series of sporadic attacks and fear of attacks by Non-state Armed Groups in Macomia, Chiure, Mecufi, Mocimboa da Praia, and Muidumbe triggered the cumulative displacement 12,963 individuals/2,047 families.

Although included within this cumulative displacement estimate- the current Movement Alert #97 reports on recent attacks recorded in Macomia, Chiure and Mecufi between 8 to 14 February that displaced 2,114 individuals. Within this reporting period, arrivals of displaced families have been mapped across villages of Ancuabe, Macomia, Chiure, Muidumbe, Quissanga, Metuge, Montepuez, Mecufi, Erati and Ibo.

Of the total individuals displaced between 8-14 February, 128 families with 348 individuals have taken refuge in displacement centers of Macomia (Nanga A and Nanga B), 190 families with 676 individuals have taken refuge in displacement centers of Chiure (Maningane, Muajaja, and Namisir), 15 families with 64 individuals have taken refuge in displacement centers of Montepuez (Ntele), 17 families with 68 individuals have taken refuge in displacement centers of Metuge (Ngunga), 2 families with 16 individuals have taken refuge in displacement centers of Mueda (Lyanda) and 3 families with 8 individuals have taken refuge in displacement centers of Ancuabe (Cujupane, Nanjua).

In response to recent movements, IOM Afghanistan re-launched its DTM Flow Monitoring activity at the beginning of 2024 to better understand the mobility dynamics at Afghanistan’s borders. Since 10 January 2024, DTM has deployed field teams at four border crossing points with the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRN) and Pakistan (PAK) (see map below) to conduct two interlinked exercises. The first is a headcount of all individuals entering or leaving Afghanistan (including returnees), also called Flow Monitoring Counting (FMC), to gauge flow volume. The second is a survey of randomly selected Afghan national individuals or groups entering or leaving Afghanistan, also called the Flow Monitoring Survey (FMS), to understand the profiles, motivations, and vulnerabilities of the target population. This snapshot provides key findings combining various IOM data sources, including DTM Afghanistan’s FMC and FMS activities, DTM Pakistan’s Flow Monitoring of Afghan returnees, and IOM Afghanistan’s Cross-Border Post-Arrival Humanitarian Assistance (CB-PAHA) program, for the period 4 to 10 February 2024. For more information about methodology, see the the section in the last page of this report titled “IOM INFLOWS.” 

Depuis 2022, la région orientale de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC), en particulier le Nord-Kivu, est en proie à un conflit dévastateur qui s'est intensifié et est devenu de plus en plus complexe au fil du temps, avec le potentiel d'atteindre des niveaux sans précédent dans le Nord-Kivu. Cette crise se caractérise par une multitude d'acteurs armés en conflit, une importante population déplacée et une population encore plus importante en manque d'aide humanitaire. Le conflit actuel entre le groupe M23 et les Forces armées de la République démocratique du Congo (FARDC) et leurs alliés a été une source majeure de violence et d'instabilité dans la région.

La période allant du 28 janvier au 12 février 2024 est particulièrement caractérisée par une expansion des hostilités dans les territoires de Masisi en chefferie , Rutshuru et Nyiragongo. Les endroits les plus touchés dans le Masisi sont les chefferies Bashali et Bahunde, le groupement Bukombo dans le Rutshuru et les groupements Buhumba et Kibumba dans le Nyiragongo.

Depuis le début de la crise, l'OIM, par le biais de la DTM continue à mener une série d'évaluations rapides, y compris le suivi des urgences (EET/ERM), l'analyse des crises et enregistrement avec priorité de répondre aux besoins immédiats d'information en vue de comprendre la dynamique des déplacements et les besoins. Ce rapport présente les résultats des évaluations menées dans les différentes zones de déplacement et de retour du 28 janvier au 12 février 2024.

Since 2022, the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), in particular North Kivu, has been gripped by a devastating conflict that has intensified and become increasingly complex over time, with the potential to reach unprecedented levels in the province.

The period from 28 January to 12 February 2024 was particularly marked by an expansion of hostilities in the territories of Masisi, Rutshuru and Nyiragongo. The most affected areas identified are located in Masisi (the Bashali and Bahunde chefferies), the Bukombo groupement in Rutshuru and the Buhumba and Kibumba groupement in Nyiragongo.

Since the beginning of the crisis, IOM, through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), has continued conducting a series of rapid assessments, including emergency monitoring (EET/ERM), crisis analysis and registration with the aim of responding to immediate information needs in order to understand displacement dynamics.

This report presents the results of assessments carried out in the various displacement and return areas between 28 January and 12 February 2024.

Between August and September 2023, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Data and Research Unit (DRU), through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) methodology, deployed the Site Assessment(SA) and Village Assessment Survey (VAS) tools to assess the mobility, needs and vulnerabilities of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and returning IDPs across Ethiopia. 

This snapshot report will present key findings on needs and vulnerabilities, and will focus on Shelter and Non-Food Items (NFIs) in the locations assessed through the SA and VAS survey tools.

According to data collected, living conditions of IDPs in the assessed sites continue to be inadequate and unsafe. In 42.10% of assessed sites, no HHs were living in individual HH shelters. Furthermore, in 60.77% of sites there was no lighting in communal spaces and in 36.08% there was lighting but it was not adequate.

Key Findings

• Top countries of stay: Poland (31%), Russian Federation (20%), Germany (19%), and Czeck Republic (5%).
• Intentions: 49% plan to stay in Ukraine (prospective returnees), 29% going for a short visit, 20% undecided, 2% preferred not to answer.
• Top needs*: general information (83%), food supplies (11%), short-term accommodation (3%), financial support (3%), health services (1%), long-term accommodation (1%).
• Assistance received*: financial support (91%), accommodation (67%), food supplies (60%), personal hygiene and sanitary supplies (30%), clothes & shoes (24%), transportation (21%).
• Destinations in Ukraine: 86% to the same oblast of origin, 14% to a different oblast in Ukraine: Donetska (33%), Kyiv city (15%), Luhanska (12%).
• Transport to Ukraine: minibus (41%), car (27%), foot (23%).
• Travel mode: 68% alone and 32% in group.

*Multiple answers possible

Key findings

• Top countries of stay: Slovakia (77%), Czechia (3%), Austria (2%), United Kingdom (2%), Ireland (2%), Germany (2%).
• Intentions: 56% going for short visit, 37% plans to stay in Ukraine (prospective returnees), and 7% is undecided.
• Reasons for short visit*: meeting family (46%), seeking healthcare (19%), collecting documents (9%). (*more than one answer possible)
• Reasons for long stay*: returning from a short visit abroad (33%), did shopping abroad (11%), improved situation in place of origin (10%). (*more than one answer possible)
• Destinations in Ukraine: 83% travels to the region of origin, 16% to a different region in Ukraine, and 1% is undecided: Zakarpatska (42%), city of Kyiv (13%), Dnipropetrovska (6%).
• Top needs*: healthcare (22%), medication (13%), financial support (12%), general information (12%), employment support (11%). (*more than one answer possible)
• Households*: 14% travels with at least one infant (0-4 years-old), 56% travels with at least one child (5-17 years-old), 45% are single-headed households, and 14% travels with elderly (60+ years-old). (*more than one answer possible)