Flow Monitoring

This report presents the results of the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS) in the Western Balkans region. IOM interviewed a total of 1,009 migrants from 1 June to 31 August 2023 in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Kosovo*. FMS provides a snapshot of the profiles, experiences and needs of migrants residing in TRCs in BiH. The survey asks questions on demographics, education and employment backgrounds, the circumstances of the migration journey and migration factors, as well as future intentions.

*References to Kosovo shall be understood in the context of UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999.)

Between August 27 and September 25, 2024, flow monitoring surveys were conducted among the population in transit in the ETRMs in Darien. A total of 297 people representing different travel groups were surveyed. These surveys provided information on 572 people accompanying the representative interviewed.

In August 2024, 17 829 movements were observed in Guatemala (14% children) and 319 individuals were surveyed.1 The number of observed movements decreased by 24 per cent from July 2024 (23 496). 57 per cent of the total number of movements originated from the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. 90 per cent mentioned the United States of America as their main intended destination.

Since 2022, migratory flows through the Latin America and Caribbean region have increased significantly, with record levels of persons crossing the perilous jungle of the Darién National Park from Colombia into Panama. The in-transit flows tracked in Guatemala have mirrored these regional migration trends.

MTM implements the International Migrant Workers Survey in Kazakhstan with international migrant workers in various locations including seven regions and three cities. The selection of survey locations was informed by the findings of IOM’s Baseline Mobility Assessment (BMA) on international migrant workers. The survey questionnaire drew upon IOM's previous studies in Central Asia and consultations with both internal and external experts. It covered a range of topics including socio-economic profiles, migration experiences, employment status, remittances, as well as identifying needs and vulnerabilities.

In the fourth round (April - May 2024) of the international migrant workers survey, 1,845 international migrant workers were interviewed. Key findings reveal that 33 per cent of respondents had attained only a lower secondary education, and nearly half identified themselves as the primary breadwinners for their families. A notable 40 per cent reported not receiving pension payments, while 73 per cent lacked access to annual leave. Employment insecurity was also evident, with 34 per cent working without formal contracts, and 41 per cent paying rent for their accommodation. For 55 per cent, the high cost of rent was a significant financial strain. The majority, 39 per cent, were employed in the construction sector. While 86 per cent stated they had sufficient resources to cover essential goods, 20 per cent lacked access to health services. Additionally, 44 per cent of respondents sent more than half of their income in remittances to their families, highlighting their role as key financial supporters.

 This report compiles flow monitoring survey (FMS) data collected in Yemen between April and June 2024 and provides an analysis of migrants’ demographic and socio-economic profiles, including education and employment backgrounds, reasons for leaving their country of origin or habitual residence, future travel intentions and protection and challenges faced during the journey. Also included are migrants’ employment status prior to moving.

The migration routes in the southern part of Yemen are categorized along two main routes: the south-eastern route towards Shabwah, Hadramawt, and Al Maharah governorates and the north-eastern route towards Lahj and Ta’iz governorates. Both routes are travelled by a large number of migrants each year. The recent actions taken by Yemeni authorities against smugglers along the Lahj coastline represent a significant shift that could reshape migration dynamics in the region moving forward. Through the Flow Monitoring Registry tool, which focuses on total numbers of migrants (as opposed to the more detailed migrant profile established through the FMS).

DTM recorded 4,984 migrants entering Yemen through the south in the second quarter of 2024. This figure represents a decrease of eight per cent compared to the previous quarter.

During the second quarter of 2024, a total of 3,392 surveys were conducted. In Al Maharah (1,017), Lahj (851), Aden (524), Ma’rib (470), Shabwah (447), and Hadramawt (83). The overall number of surveys decreased by seven per cent since the previous quarter. The majority of respondents were young adults between the age of 17 and 25 (87%) searching for economic opportunities (99%), most of whom were single (86%), attained primary education or less (58%), were currently unemployed (93%) and departed from rural areas (51%).

DTM Flow Monitoring, conducted by IOM Afghanistan, is designed to provide insights into the mobility patterns at Afghanistan’s border points with the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. This activity involves two interlinked exercises: Flow Monitoring Counting (FMC), which monitors the number of movements across the border, and Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS), which collect data on the profiles of randomly selected Afghan nationals crossing the border including documentation held, reasons for travel, and the intended period of stay/ travel. It is important to note that DTM collects information on total movements at a given border point, not the number of unique individuals entering or leaving the country. As a result, if one individual both left and re-entered Afghanistan during the reporting period, this would count as one outflow movement and one inflow movement. Movements can be attributed to a wide variety of reasons, including returnees coming back to Afghanistan after living abroad, people visiting family, deportees, those travelling for economic reasons, medical patients, students, or Afghans moving abroad for different reasons. Circular movements, which include those who frequently and regularly travel back and forth across the border for trade and other reasons, are also common. This monitoring offers a clear picture of population movements in and out of the country. 

DTM FM is operational at four main crossing points (connected to Afghanistan’s National Highway) as well as six other crossing points with Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. This weekly snapshot combines information from the FM activity and various IOM sources related to cross-border movement. For a detailed explanation of the methodology used in gathering this data, the report directs readers to the section titled “IOM INFLOW DATA” on the last page.

In August 2024, Transhumance Flow Monitoring tool identified 446 herders in Kaduna State and 71 herders in Katsina State. The animal count was estimated at 1,105 for Kaduna State and 467 for Katsina State. Notably, 97 per cent of the total number of herders departed from states within Nigeria, while the remaining three per cent departed from Niger.

This report presents findings from IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS) conducted in Malta in 2024. Surveys are aimed at collecting up to date and reliable information and at better grasping the profiles and needs of the people who arrive in the country by irregular means. The surveys were conducted by IOM field staff between 25 March and 1 May 2024. Field staff surveyed a total of 1023 individuals in different Flow Monitoring Survey Points (FMPs) in Malta, including both open and closed government-run centres in cooperation with the Ministry of Home Affairs, Security and Employment (MHSE).

A total of 23,314 movements were observed in August 2024, representing a 6 per cent decrease compared to July 2024, when 24,886 movements were observed during this period. Comparing August 2024 with July 2024, Buuhoodle (-19%), Doolow (-11%), Lowyacado (-9%) and Harirad (-4%) FMPs recorded a decrease in movements while Dhobley (+18%), Cabudwaaq (+1%) and Bossaso (<+1%) FMPs recorded an increase in movements.

Doolow (38%), Dhobley (25%), and Cabudwaaq (17%) FMPs recorded the highest numbers of incoming movements, while Doolow (61%), Bossaso (24%) and Dhobley (8%) recorded the highest numbers of outgoing movements for August 2024.

บทสรุป: สรุปข้อมูลสำคัญนี้มีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อนำเสนอภาพรวมของสภาวการณ์ ความต้องการ และความท้าทายตามประเด็นหัวข้อต่าง ๆ ในหมู่ผู้ย้ายถิ่นชาวเมียนมาในจังหวัดระนองที่ไอโอเอ็ม ประเทศไทยได้ดำเนินการประเมินความต้องการหลายภาคส่วนระหว่างเดือนกันยายนถึงพฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2566 เพื่อให้ข้อมูลเชิงลึกเกี่ยวกับระดับความรุนแรงของความต้องการของประชากรผู้ย้ายถิ่น ระบุกลุ่มประชากรที่เปราะบางและพื้นที่ทางภูมิศาสตร์ซึ่งมีความต้องการระดับสูงสุด รวมทั้งนำเสนอข้อมูลเพื่อการวางแผนให้ความช่วยเหลือและเป้าหมายย่อยของเป้าหมายการพัฒนาที่ยั่งยืน (SDGs) ที่เกี่ยวข้อง และเป็นเส้นฐานรายภาคส่วนและระหว่างภาคส่วนสำหรับการประเมินต่าง ๆ ในอนาคต