Return Intention

Between September and October 2022, the International Organization for Migration’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM DTM) undertook its third household-level multi-sector assessment of selected urban areas and camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in South Sudan. The assessment aims to:

• Quantify the prevalence of vulnerabilities and humanitarian needs across sectors, with a focus on food security, economic vulnerability and nutrition as well as selected indicators on shelter and non-food items (SNFI), education, health, water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH), protection (including child protection and gender-based violence) and mental health and psycho-social support (MHPSS).

• Generate a better understanding of urban displacement and migration, including return and relocation after displacement in South Sudan or abroad.

There has been slow progress in the humanitarian situation in South Sudan. People’s humanitarian needs continue to rise, driven by cumulative and compounding effects of years of conflict, sub-national violence, food insecurity, climate crisis and public health challenges. Conflict and insecurity, fueled by sub-national and inter-communal violence, crime, and wide-scale impunity, continue to be among the main drivers of humanitarian needs in South Sudan.

Based on the request of the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), mandated OCHA, IOM, and REACH to implement Inter-Sectoral Needs Assessment that aimed to understand demographics, multi-sectoral needs (including the level of severity) and barriers to assistance as well as displacement patterns and household-level scale.

Between September and October 2022, the International Organization for Migration’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM DTM) undertook its third household-level multi-sector assessment of selected urban areas and camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in South Sudan. The assessment aims to:

• Quantify the prevalence of vulnerabilities and humanitarian needs across sectors, with a focus on food security, economic vulnerability and nutrition as well as selected indicators on shelter and non-food items (SNFI), education, health, water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH), protection (including child protection and gender-based violence) and mental health and psycho-social support (MHPSS).

• Generate a better understanding of urban displacement and migration, including return and relocation after displacement in South Sudan or abroad.

There has been slow progress in the humanitarian situation in South Sudan. People’s humanitarian needs continue to rise, driven by cumulative and compounding effects of years of conflict, sub-national violence, food insecurity, climate crisis and public health challenges. Conflict and insecurity, fueled by sub-national and inter-communal violence, crime, and wide-scale impunity, continue to be among the main drivers of humanitarian needs in South Sudan.

Based on the request of the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), mandated OCHA, IOM, and REACH to implement Inter-Sectoral Needs Assessment that aimed to understand demographics, multi-sectoral needs (including the level of severity) and barriers to assistance as well as displacement patterns and household-level scale.

Between September and October 2022, the International Organization for Migration’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM DTM) undertook its third household-level multi-sector assessment of selected urban areas and camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in South Sudan. The assessment aims to:

• Quantify the prevalence of vulnerabilities and humanitarian needs across sectors, with a focus on food security, economic vulnerability and nutrition as well as selected indicators on shelter and non-food items (SNFI), education, health, water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH), protection (including child protection and gender-based violence) and mental health and psycho-social support (MHPSS).

• Generate a better understanding of urban displacement and migration, including return and relocation after displacement in South Sudan or abroad.

There has been slow progress in the humanitarian situation in South Sudan. People’s humanitarian needs continue to rise, driven by cumulative and compounding effects of years of conflict, sub-national violence, food insecurity, climate crisis and public health challenges. Conflict and insecurity, fueled by sub-national and inter-communal violence, crime, and wide-scale impunity, continue to be among the main drivers of humanitarian needs in South Sudan.

Based on the request of the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), mandated OCHA, IOM, and REACH to implement Inter-Sectoral Needs Assessment that aimed to understand demographics, multi-sectoral needs (including the level of severity) and barriers to assistance as well as displacement patterns and household-level scale.

Between September and October 2022, the International Organization for Migration’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM DTM) undertook its third household-level multi-sector assessment of selected urban areas and camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in South Sudan. The assessment aims to:

• Quantify the prevalence of vulnerabilities and humanitarian needs across sectors, with a focus on food security, economic vulnerability and nutrition as well as selected indicators on shelter and non-food items (SNFI), education, health, water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH), protection (including child protection and gender-based violence) and mental health and psycho-social support (MHPSS).

• Generate a better understanding of urban displacement and migration, including return and relocation after displacement in South Sudan or abroad.

There has been slow progress in the humanitarian situation in South Sudan. People’s humanitarian needs continue to rise, driven by cumulative and compounding effects of years of conflict, sub-national violence, food insecurity, climate crisis and public health challenges. Conflict and insecurity, fueled by sub-national and inter-communal violence, crime, and wide-scale impunity, continue to be among the main drivers of humanitarian needs in South Sudan.

Based on the request of the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), mandated OCHA, IOM, and REACH to implement Inter-Sectoral Needs Assessment that aimed to understand demographics, multi-sectoral needs (including the level of severity) and barriers to assistance as well as displacement patterns and household-level scale.

Between September and October 2022, the International Organization for Migration’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM DTM) undertook its third household-level multi-sector assessment of selected urban areas and camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in South Sudan. The assessment aims to:

• Quantify the prevalence of vulnerabilities and humanitarian needs across sectors, with a focus on food security, economic vulnerability and nutrition as well as selected indicators on shelter and non-food items (SNFI), education, health, water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH), protection (including child protection and gender-based violence) and mental health and psycho-social support (MHPSS).

• Generate a better understanding of urban displacement and migration, including return and relocation after displacement in South Sudan or abroad.

There has been slow progress in the humanitarian situation in South Sudan. People’s humanitarian needs continue to rise, driven by cumulative and compounding effects of years of conflict, sub-national violence, food insecurity, climate crisis and public health challenges. Conflict and insecurity, fueled by sub-national and inter-communal violence, crime, and wide-scale impunity, continue to be among the main drivers of humanitarian needs in South Sudan.

Based on the request of the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), mandated OCHA, IOM, and REACH to implement Inter-Sectoral Needs Assessment that aimed to understand demographics, multi-sectoral needs (including the level of severity) and barriers to assistance as well as displacement patterns and household-level scale.

Between September and October 2022, the International Organization for Migration’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM DTM) undertook its third household-level multi-sector assessment of selected urban areas and camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in South Sudan. The assessment aims to:

• Quantify the prevalence of vulnerabilities and humanitarian needs across sectors, with a focus on food security, economic vulnerability and nutrition as well as selected indicators on shelter and non-food items (SNFI), education, health, water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH), protection (including child protection and gender-based violence) and mental health and psycho-social support (MHPSS).

• Generate a better understanding of urban displacement and migration, including return and relocation after displacement in South Sudan or abroad.

There has been slow progress in the humanitarian situation in South Sudan. People’s humanitarian needs continue to rise, driven by cumulative and compounding effects of years of conflict, sub-national violence, food insecurity, climate crisis and public health challenges. Conflict and insecurity, fueled by sub-national and inter-communal violence, crime, and wide-scale impunity, continue to be among the main drivers of humanitarian needs in South Sudan.

Based on the request of the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), mandated OCHA, IOM, and REACH to implement Inter-Sectoral Needs Assessment that aimed to understand demographics, multi-sectoral needs (including the level of severity) and barriers to assistance as well as displacement patterns and household-level scale.

This report presents findings on data collected by the International Organization for Migration (IOM), through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) methodology and Household-Level Intention Survey (HLIS) tool, to inform durable solutions activities for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in zones hosting the highest number of drought-affected IDPs in Somali region, Ethiopia.

Drought was the most common primary reason for displacement in the assessed sites and half of the IDP households (HHs) had been displaced in the site for 5 years or more, which can be understood as protracted displacement. Most interviewed IDP HHs reported a willingness to integrate in the site where they were living. In line with these results, most IDP HHs did not want to take part in a return process, or a relocation process.  

In 2022, DTM Somalia collaborated with GIST to implement a study aimed at understanding the key drivers of displacement during the drought crisis of that year. A key finding highlighted that the availability of humanitarian assistance and geographical presence of aid actors in Somalia guides internal displacement.

Following this, in 2023, DTM and GIST teamed up again to conduct this follow up research aimed at answering the following question: How have investments in resilience, durable solutions and development programming influenced displacement patterns? This report summarises key findings from the study.

If you have any questions about the study, please contact DTM Somalia at iomsomaliadtm@iom.int

All DTM Somalia products are available here.

Since 24 February 2022, refugees from Ukraine and Third Country Nationals (TCNs) have been fleeing to neighbouring countries as a result of the war. As of May 2023, more than eight million refugees from Ukraine were recorded across Europe. At the same time, almost 13 million of border crossings of border crossings of Ukrainian and Third-Country refugees and migrants were reported from Ukraine into the neighbouring countries since February 2022.

IOM has deployed its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) tools since mid-April 2022 to collect individual surveys in neighbouring countries with persons crossing into Ukraine, with the aim to improve the understanding of main profiles, displacement patterns, intentions and needs of those moving into Ukraine. This report is based on surveys collected in the Republic of Moldova between 01 April 2023 and 30 June 2023 in two border crossing points, Otaci and Palanca.

Key Findings

• Top 3 countries of stay abroad: Romania (21%), Türkiye (11%), Germany (9%). • Top oblasts of origin: Odeska oblast (43%), Kyiv city and Kyivska (18%), Mykolaivska oblast (13%).

• Intended destinations: going to same oblast of origin (91%), to a different oblast (8%) - mainly to Vinnytska, Odeska & Kyiv city.

• Transport to Ukraine: car (57%), bus (31%), foot (10%).

• Intentions upon crossing back: long-term stay (58%), short-term visit (38%).

• Top needs upon crossing back:* financial support (20%), medicines and health services (6%), food products (9%), employment (8%). Other specified needs (12%) while 28% had no immediate needs.

• Top areas of assistance received:* food products and meals (27%), financial support (26%), NFI/hygiene items (22%), vouchers (2%), accommodation (8%).

* More than one answer possible

Since 24 February 2022, refugees from Ukraine and Third Country Nationals (TCNs) have been fleeing to neighbouring countries as a result of the war. As of July 2023, up to six million refugees from Ukraine were recorded across Europe. At the same time, more than 20 million border crossings of Ukrainian and Third- Country refugees and migrants were reported from Ukraine into the neighbouring countries since February 2022. 

IOM has deployed its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) tools since mid-April 2022 to collect individual surveys in neighbouring countries with persons crossing into Ukraine, with the aim to improve the understanding of main profiles, displacement patterns, intentions and needs of those moving into Ukraine.

This report is based on surveys collected in Slovakia between 01 April and 30 June 2023.

Key Findings

• Top countries of stay abroad: Slovakia (72%), Czechia (5%), United Kingdom (2%), Ireland (2%), Austria (1%), Germany (1%) and Poland (1%) .
• Intended destination: 81% to the same oblast of origin, 18% to a different oblast in Ukraine: Zakarpatska (75%), Lvivska (7%), Kyiv city (6%).
• Intentions upon crossing back: 56% going for a short visit, 40% plan to stay in Ukraine.
• Transport to cross back to Ukraine: bus (74%), train (25%), car/minibus (1%).
• Top needs upon crossing back: health services (53%), financial support (22%), employment (15%), medicines (14%), general information (13%), language courses (11%). (more than one answer was possible).
• Groups travelling with children: 68% of groups travelled with children aged less than 18 years.
• Travel mode: 61% alone and 39% in group.
• Experiences of discrimination: 12% experienced discrimination throughout their journey.