Flow Monitoring

• For the first time since January 2024 (210), almost 200 migrants arrived in Yemen from Djibouti, a point of departure that has seen greatly reduced flows since the start of the the joint military campaign targeting the coastline of Lahj aimed at impeding migrants arrivals.

• Although economic reasons remain the main migration driver along the Eastern Corridor, the number of movements tracked in Obock travelling towards the Arabian Peninsula due to conflict, violence or persecution almost tripled between April (456) and May (1,266).

• Return movements to Obock and Tadjourah from Yemen almost doubled (+97%, 1,240) in May, which underscores the significant challenges that migrants face in Yemen and the desperate circumstances that lead them to take the risky journey back to the Horn of Africa.

• In May, the highest number of people were forcibly returned from Saudi Arabia to Ethiopia in a single month (21,293) since July 2021 (31,911), and the second highest when records began in 2017.

The IOM Afghanistan’s DTM Flow Monitoring activity is designed to provide insights into the mobility patterns at Afghanistan’s border points with the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. The activity involves two interlinked exercises: the Flow Monitoring Counting (FMC), a headcount of individuals crossing the border, and the Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS), which collect data on the profiles and intentions of randomly selected Afghan nationals. DTM FM is operational at four main crossing points (connected to Afghanistan’s National Highway) as well as six other crossing points with Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. This weekly snapshot combines information from the FM activity and various IOM sources related to cross-border movement. For a detailed explanation of the methodology used in gathering this data, the report directs readers to the section titled “IOM INFLOW DATA” on the last page.

Los movimientos migratorios mixtos de personas nicaragüenses hacia Costa Rica son una tendencia constante, intensificándose por factores políticos, económicos y sociales y que representan desafíos continuos para ambos países en la búsqueda de respuestas en materia de políticas migratorias, que incluyan soluciones en empleo, educación, acceso a servicios básicos, entre otros.

Durante Mayo de 2024, la Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería (DGME) de Costa Rica, registró un total 41.235 movimientos migratorios (46% ingresos y 54% egresos), lo que además representó, con respecto a abril, una disminución del 18% en ingresos y un aumento del 15% en egresos. Por otro lado, entre el 15 y el 31 de mayo, la OIM en Costa Rica registró 10.211 movimientos migratorios en dos puntos fronterizos no oficiales (41% ingresos y 59% egresos).

Entender la dinámica fronteriza de quienes la transitan es fundamental en la comprensión de las necesidades de población migrante y la formulación de propuestas para su atención. Ante estos desafíos, es esencial disponer de información actualizada sobre el perfil sociodemográfico, motivos de migración, necesidades y la dinámica de los movimientos migratorios de persona nicaragüenses en la frontera norte de Costa Rica.

The mixed migratory movements of Nicaraguan nationals to Costa Rica are a constant trend, intensifying due to political, economic and social factors and representing continuous challenges for both countries in the search for answers in terms of migration policies, which include solutions in employment, education, access to basic services, among others.

During May 2024, the General Directorate of Migration (DGME, by its Spanish acronym) of Costa Rica registered a total of 41,235 migratory movements (46% entries and 54% exits), which also represented, compared to April, a decrease of 18%. in entries and a 15% increase in exits. On the other hand, from May 15 and 31, IOM in Costa Rica registered 10,211 migratory movements at two unofficial border points (41% entries and 59% exits).

Understanding the border dynamics of those who cross it is fundamental in comprehending the needs of the migrant population and formulating proposals for their attention. Given these challenges, it is essential to have updated information on the sociodemographic profile, migration motives, needs, and dynamics of Nicaraguan migration movements at the northern border of Costa Rica.

This fact sheet provides a bi-weekly update on migration-related events off the Libyan coast. During the reporting period, 226 migrants were intercepted and returned to Libya during the reporting period.

IOM Uganda is pleased to share with you it’s the third Refugee Flow Monitoring report (FMR) for the period between 20 April to 20 May 2024 which is under the EU funded project aiming at “Strengthening Uganda’s national and sub-national institutions and systems to address the challenges of forced displacement and migration in Uganda”.

Over the reporting period, a total of 7,827 movements were observed at five Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs). These locations were chosen strategically as major transit points for monitoring movements in and out of Nakivale refugee settlement from the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo through Nyakabande Transit Center.

More than half (69%) of the migrants at the Flow Monitoring Points self-declared as Congolese, Ugandans (20%), Burudian (5%), Rwandese (4%) and Others (2%).

The majority of movement from Nakivale refugee settlement were incoming flows (59%) against outgoing flows (41%). Forty-three per cent of the observed movements were refugees at the five Flow Monitoring Points. The means of transport mostly used were by foot (38%), motor bike & bike (31%), taxi or car (18%), truck (7%), bus (5%) and others (1%).

The majority of the flows were due to family reasons (20%), forced movement due to conflict (18%) and economic reasons (18%). Most of the movements were observed at the Nakivale check point FMP (32%) followed by Busanza (31%), Bunagana (17%), Nyakabande Transit Center (12%) and Rugaaga (8%). Among the migration flows, the most vulnerable groups were children under five (8%), pregnant and/lactating mother (7%) and the elderly (<1%).

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024, conducting interviews with a total of 485 individuals in Lithuania. This report explores different aspects of health care integration, focusing on the profiles of adult respondents, specifically those who intend to stay or have already established themselves in the country. The report focuses on their access to health care services and elaborates on their experiences and needs regarding health care during their displacement.

Key findings:

• 82% of respondents have or live with people with chronic diseases or serious medical conditions, while 40% reported living with a person with mobility issues and 17% have or are with someone with hearing difficulties.
• Health related needs reported by the respondents include health care services (34%), medication (19%), and mental and psychosocial support (7%).
• 70% of respondents were registered with a General Practitioner (GP), 29% were not, and 1% were unsure.
• Reasons for not being registered included having no insurance (58%), being refused by a doctor (11%), and language barrier (5%).
• 88% of children were registered with a doctor.
• The most reported barriers to accessing health care were long queues (39%), costs (14%), language barrier (10%), and lack of documents (8%).
• Only 24% of respondents used mental health support services.

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with Refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024. In Lithuania, a total of 485 surveys were collected. This report explores different aspects of the economic integration, employment profiles, and prospects of the adult respondents, specifically those who have an intention to stay or have already established themselves in the country. These individuals, who intend to stay in Lithuania for the foreseeable future, are actively using their skills and resources to fully integrate into the host community. The report offers insights into their involvement in the labour market and detailing their experiences, needs, and intentions concerning employment in Lithuania for the duration of their displacement.

Key findings:

• 70% of respondents were active, while 30% were inactive.
• Within the active population, 63% were employed and 37% were unemployed and looking for a job.
• Among the inactive population, 16% were on parental leave, 49% were retired, 20% were students and 15% were unemployed and not looking for a job.
• The majority of Ukrainian refugees depend on their income (47%) as the main source for daily expenses. However, two-fifths (40%) of respondents rely on familial support, 29% on their savings, 15% on the authorities’ support. 13% still receive welfare benefits from Ukraine.
• 34% did not attend any type of language classes for Lithuanian. However 42% are attending language classes at schools, 9% receive online classes, 8% have classes provided by agencies.
• The majority of respondents have not received any remittances (71%). 29% received 20 to 4,500 euros. Among recipients, 44% stated they have spent from 10 to 2,000 euros, whereas 56 per cent haven’t spent any of their remittances.
• Regarding entrepreneurship, 18% of displaced Ukrainians are interested in opening their own business. 6% already own their own business and 11% are unsure of wanting to. A significant proportion (65%) are not interested in having their own business.
• For the first time, IOM’s DTM questioned respondents regarding workplace exploitation in Estonia, uncovering that 5% of those surveyed had encountered some degree of labour exploitation.

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with Refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024. In Lithuania, a total of 485 surveys were collected. This report explores different aspects of their social integration, focusing on the profiles of adult respondents, specifically those who intend to stay or have already established themselves in the country. Notably, the report highlights the interactions between Ukrainian refugees and local population in daily life, such as through sharing meals, engaging in conversations, and participating in common groups and activities. It also examines factors related to social integration, such as experiences of discrimination, challenges to inclusion, childcare and school enrollment, migration status, and access to legal support.

Key findings:

• 79% of respondents had conversations with locals via phone, online messaging apps, or text messages in the last four weeks. 20% did not engage in any conversations with locals, and 1% preferred not to answer.
• For over a quarter of respondents (29%), sharing meals with locals was an everyday activity, while another quarter (25%) did so monthly. 17% shared meals weekly, and only 4% did so annually. Almost a quarter (23%) never shared meals with locals, and 2% were unsure.
• 45% of respondents were engaged in hobby-related groups. 31% participated in work-related groups, and 27% were involved in migrant resource and information centers. 17% participated in religious groups, while 7% were involved in social or political cause groups.
• 73% of respondents did not experience unequal treatment, while 26% reported being discriminated against. 1% was unsure.
• 20% of respondents identified unequal treatment as the most significant inclusion challenge in their destination country. Other major challenges included financial issues (15%), housing (14%), homesickness (14%), language (12%), and lack of employment (11%). 36% did not face any inclusion challenges.
• Among respondents with children under five, 83% had enrolled them in childcare institutions, while 17% were planning to do so in the future or faced difficulties finding available places.
• 31% of respondents found it somewhat or very easy to access legal assistance for documentation, eviction, and similar issues. 18% found it somewhat or very difficult, 17% found it neither difficult nor easy, and 34% were unsure.

Hungary — Economic Inclusion of Refugee Women from Ukraine (January - March 2024) delves into the employment profiles and prospects of 137 refugee women from Ukraine who are of working age (18-64 years old). It sheds light on their involvement in the labour market and elaborates on their experiences, needs and aspirations regarding employment in Hungary during their displacement.

Key findings:

• Over half of refugee women from Ukraine in Hungary (58%) were active in the labour market (58%), while 42 per cent were inactive.
• Among active respondents, 58 per cent were employed and 42 per cent were unemployed but looking for employment.
• Employment rates* varied among households: 37 per cent among women with at least one infant (0-4 years old) and 73 per cent with at least one child (5-17 years old).
• Over two-thirds of employed respondents (70%) were satisfied with their employment status, while 21 per cent remained dissatisfied or neutral (9%).
• The most common challenges faced by refugee women included:** lack of contract (9%), long working hours (9%) and being underpaid (4%).
• The most important needs included: financial support (77%), labour market counseling (32%), and business support (7%).
• Only 9 per cent of refugee women from Ukraine were considered financially resilient (employed or self-employed, stayed in private housing, and able to cover an unexpected expense of 100 euros)

* employment rate is only calculated within the active population

**multiple answers possible