Key Highlights:

• During the reporting period, 35,187 movements were recorded, and 1,380 migrants were interviewed across 20 Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) in Zimbabwe.
• The South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor recorded the highest movement of 32,309 (92%) followed by the Zambia-Zimbabwe corridor which recorded 2,878 (8%) movements.
• Among the migrants travelling to South Africa from Zimbabwe who specified their intended length of stay, 29 per cent planned to remain for 6 to 12 months, whereas 19 per cent mentioned a duration of 3 weeks to 3 months.
• Migrants were further asked about the type of visas they have or are using, and 153 migrants stated were holders of visitors while 32 were Zimbabwe Exemption permit holders. Most (73%) of the migrants with visitor visas were female migrants. South Africa was indicated as the current country of residence by 97 per cent of the migrants with visitors’ visas.
• Income-generating activities were highlighted by most (53%) of the migrants residing in Zimbabwe as their main source of income. Further investigation on the type of activities the migrants were undertaking cited vending (23%), poultry (22%) and grocery store (20%) as the top 3 activities.
• Over the reporting period, 25% of the interviewed migrants travelling from Zimbabwe to other neighbouring countries indicated their primary reason for movement as looking for livelihood opportunities while 14% cited that they were going to look for employment. These reasons could also be attributed to an analysis published on FEWS NET in the month of July “Below-normal incomes are impacting market access as the 2024/25 lean season begins early” which highlights that most typical sources of income during this lean season remain significantly below normal, including crop sales, casual labour, and self-employment. This analysis further highlights that most households in the country continue to employ consumption-based coping measures such as skipping meals, reducing meal portions, or prioritizing the feeding of children and the ill to cope in this season.

Despite the domestic conflict that broke out in 2015 followed by economic decline and institutional collapse, Yemen remains a frequently travelled transit country for migrants.

According to IOM’s DTM Area Assessment Report in September 2023, Yemen hosts over 42,000 migrants across accessible locations in ten of the 12 assessed IRG controlled governorates.6 The majority of migrants living in Yemen came from Ethiopia (88%) in addition to 12 per cent from Somalia and less than one per cent from other countries according to this stock figure. Please note that information on migrant stocks will differ from data on migration flows as migrants tend to remain in Yemen for months to years before moving on to further destinations. In the same year, a total of 96,670 migrants, 79 per cent Ethiopian and 21 per cent Somali nationals, were observed traveling towards Yemen.7

Migration in the HoA continues to be triggered by persistent insecurity and conflict, environmental degradation, harsh climatic conditions, public health emergencies, socioeconomic drivers, and traditional seasonal factors. Recognizing the importance of information about migrants in Yemen and it mixed flows, the IOM DTM team in Yemen aims to report on migration statistics and drivers throughout this report. This Yemen Annual Migration Report 2023 is presenting information on the flow of migrants to Yemen (Non-Yemeni and returnee Yemeni migrants) at transit, departure or arrival points, the profile of migrants who live in various locations in Yemen, challenges faced by migrants, and their intentions.

In light of the above objectives, the report is organized according to the following sections. Following key findings, the first section on flows presents the migrant arrivals (non-Yemeni and returnee Yemeni migrants) and trends. This section also includes the routes they took and drivers. The subsequent section on migrant profiles presents findings on migration networks, migratory drivers, migrant backgrounds, routes and challenges during migration journeys. This section also summarizes information on intentions. The last section on stocks focuses on numbers and locations of migrants living in Yemen and their immediate needs.

DTM Kenya conducted Mobility Tracking in Wajir County in May 2023. Results are reported herein.

In May 2023, Mobility Tracking was conducted in Garissa County, Kenya. Key findings are presented herein. 

In all locations, arrivals were displaced into communities that already were under severe resource constraint as a result of drought, resource-based conflict and ethnic clashes. 

In nearly all locations (99%) respondents noted that previously pastoralist households had dropped pastoralism as a way of life. This finding represents a dramatic shift in the culture and livelihoods of Kenyan populations. 

DTM identified 10,158 child-headed households. Of these,81 per cent had no form of sustainable support, including income, food, water or shelter. Nearly one-quarter (22%) of school-aged children had dropped out of school in Garissa in 2023, despite 96% of institutions remaining open despite the drought

IOM Yemen DTM's Rapid Displacement Tracking (RDT) tool collects data on estimated numbers of households forced to flee on a daily basis from their locations of origin or displacement, allowing for regular reporting of new displacements in terms of estimated numbers, geography, and needs. It also tracks returnees who returned to their location of origin.

From 1 January to 24 August 2024, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 2,234 households (HH) (13,404 Individuals) who experienced displacement at least once.

Between 18 and 24 August 2024, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 51 households (306 individuals) displaced at least once. The majority of people moved into/within the following governorates and districts:

• Ma'rib (36 HHs) – Ma'rib City (30 HHs), Ma'rib (6 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Al Hodeidah and Ma'rib.
• Al Hodeidah (14 HHs) – Hays (14 HHs) district. All displacements in the governorate were internal.
• Taiz (1 HH) – Salah (1 HHs) district. All displacements in the governorate were internal.

The majority of people moved from the following governorates and districts:

• Al Hodeidah (28 HHs) – Al Mina (8 HHs), Hays (5 HHs), Az Zaydiah (3 HHs) districts.
• Ma'rib (9 HHs) – Raghwan (8 HHs), Al Abdiyah (1 HHs) districts.
• Dhamar (4 HHs) – Maghrib Ans (2 HHs), Jabal Ash sharq (2 HHs) districts.

IOM identified 27 additional households displaced in the previous reporting period, which covered 11 - 17 August 2024, in the governorates of Ma'rib (20 HHs), Ta'iz (4 HHs), and Al Hodeidah (3 HHs). These figures have been added to the cumulative displacement total recorded since the beginning of the year.

The IOM Afghanistan’s DTM Flow Monitoring activity is designed to provide insights into the mobility patterns at Afghanistan’s border points with the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. The activity involves two interlinked exercises: the Flow Monitoring Counting (FMC), a headcount of individuals crossing the border, and the Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS), which collect data on the profiles and intentions of randomly selected Afghan nationals. DTM FM is operational at four main crossing points (connected to Afghanistan’s National Highway) as well as seven other crossing points with Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. This weekly snapshot combines information from the FM activity and various IOM sources related to cross-border movement. For a detailed explanation of the methodology used in gathering this data, the report directs readers to the section titled “IOM INFLOW DATA” on the last page.

IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) collected data on Ukrainian nationals and Third-Country Nationals (TCNs) that crossed back to Ukraine from or through Slovakia, either temporarily or permanently. The survey focuses on the return intentions, duration of displacement, destinations, assistance, and experiences of discrimination of respondents. A total of 1,467 surveys were collected between April and June 2024.

Key findings:

• 30% of Ukrainian respondents intend to stay in Ukraine (prospective returnees), while 64% plan to go for a short visit.
• The share of those intending to return to Ukraine is higher among men than women (42% vs 30%). Women are more likely to be crossing into Ukraine for a short visit than men (64% vs 53%).
• Most of the short-term visitors plan to stay in their own home in Ukraine (86% overall), while others report to be going to their relatives’ homes (6%), finding other private solutions (6%) or staying with friends (2%). The share of those planning to stay with relatives is higher among short-term visitors (20%) than among prospective returnees (3%)
• Reasons for returning for prospective returnees include: visit relatives or close friends (73%), meet with family members (14%), reunite with their family (5%).
• Reasons for returning for short-term visitors include: visit family members (80%), healthcare (32%), help family (20%).
• 64% of the Ukrainian nationals originate from seven regions in Ukraine: Zakarpatska (29%), Kyiv (15%), Kharkivska (7%), Dnipropetrovska (7%), and Lvivska (6%). The remaining 36% of respondents come from another 20 regions across Ukraine.

Between 12 and 18 August 2024, a total of 1,492 new arrivals were recorded at locations in Adamawa and Borno states. The new arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Gubio, Gwoza, Kala Balge, Mafa and Ngala local government areas (LGAs) of the most conflict-affected Borno State, and in Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Guyuk, Hong, Jada, Lamurde, Madagali, Michika, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.
ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: military operations (440 individuals or 29%), seasonal farming (398 individuals or 27%), poor living conditions (218 individuals or 15%), fear of attack (174 individuals or 12%), improved security (123 individuals or 8%), family re-unification (75 individuals or 5%), flood (41 individuals or 3%) and access to humanitarian support (23 individuals or 2%).

Between 12 and 18 August 2024, windstorms and floods occurred in the communities of Katoge and Katsalle in Batsari ward and Wagini in Wagini ward of Batsari LGA, Baure in Baure ward and Tumfushi in Garki ward of Baure LGA, Sabon Garin Kigo in Yamel A ward of Dutsi LGA, Natsinta in Kusa ward, Koki in Mazanya/Magama ward and Riko in Riko ward of Jibia LGA, Matsai in Matsai ward of Kaita LGA, Unguwar Marusa in Kangiwa ward, Gafai and Kofar Yandaka in Wakilin Arewa B, Abuja Quarters, Lambobi, Dutse Safe and Galadanci in Wakilin Yamma II of Katsina LGA, Gidan Mutum daya in Yashe B of Kusada LGA, Dissi Gari in Dissi ward of Matazu LGA, Abukur in Abukur ward of Rimi LGA and Karkarku, Unguwar Gamji, Lemu and Rade in Rade A of Sandamu LGA. The windstorm and floods affected 9,170 individuals in 1,247 households and 1,236 shelters. The affected individuals were displaced to neighbouring shelters in the communities. The affected individuals included 6,148 children, 1,680 women and 1,342 men. On 18 August 2024, farmer-herder clashes occurred in the community of Iwari and caused panic in the neighbouring communities of Ogbahi, London and Okpancheni in Usha ward of Agatu local government area (LGA) in Benue State. There were reports of one injury and two fatalities. The farmer-herders clashes affected 2,200 individuals in 350 households. The affected individuals included 1,100 children, 575 women and 525 men. On 18 August 2024, armed bandits attacked the community of Angwan Ate in Kachia Urban ward of Kachia LGA in Kaduna State. The attacks affected 14 individuals in 4 households, the affected individuals included eight children, five women and a man