Afin de mieux comprendre les mouvements et les tendances migratoires en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre, l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM), à travers la Matrice de suivi des déplacements (Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) en anglais), met en œuvre l’activité de Suivi des flux de populations (Flow Monitoring (FM) en anglais). ​

​

Le suivi des flux, qui est mis en œuvre en étroite collaboration avec les autorités et des partenaires nationaux et locaux, est composé de deux outils : l’enregistrement des flux (Flow Monitoring Registry (FMR) en anglais), qui recueille des données clés sur l’ampleur, la provenance, la destination et les modalités des flux de mobilité. À cela s’ajoute, les enquêtes individuelles (Flow Monitoring Survey (FMS) en anglais), conduites auprès des voyageurs afin d’obtenir des informations sur les profils, les parcours migratoires, et les intentions des migrants. Le suivi des flux de populations récolte ainsi des données sur les flux et les tendances migratoires, les profils des voyageurs, les parcours et les intentions des migrants, afin de fournir une meilleure compréhension des mobilités en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre. ​

​

Au Niger, la DTM recueille des données à sept points de suivi des flux (Flow Monitoring Point (FMP) en anglais), dans le but d’identifier les zones à forte mobilité transfrontalière et intra régionale, et récolter des données sur les tendances de mobilités, les profils et les parcours des voyageurs dans le pays.​

​

Ce rapport présente les données obtenues au travers des activités FMR et FMS d'avril à septembre 2022, au niveau des sept FMP installés au Niger.    ​

​

Pour plus d’information sur la méthodologie du suivi des flux, merci de consulter la dernière page de ce rapport.​

​

​

La transhumance est une pratique de longue date en Mauritanie où elle a évolué au cours des dernières décennies avec la raréfaction des routes empruntées par les troupeaux notamment affectés par une raréfaction des ressources. Par conséquent, des conflits peuvent survenir entre les agriculteurs et les éleveurs transhumants. Dans le cadre du Suivi des Mouvements de Transhumance, l’OIM met en œuvre un système d’alerte qui a pour objectif de recenser les mouvements inattendus de bétail et les conflits ou catastrophes liés à l’utilisation des ressources naturelles et aux interactions entre agriculteurs et éleveurs, de comprendre les modes de résolution de conflits existants et d’informer les autorités compétentes, dans l’objectif de réduire et prévenir les tensions dans les régions d’intervention. Ce tableau de bord présente les informations fournies par le biais de 21 informateurs clés, présents dans huit régions (Assaba, Brakna, Gorgol, Guidimakha, Hodh El Chargui, Hodh El Gharbi, Tagant et Trarza) pendant le mois d’octobre 2022.

Since the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation on 24 February 2022, people have been fleeing from Ukraine to the neighbouring countries in high numbers. As of 17 November 2022, 695,159 refugees and Third-Country Nationals (TCNs) from Ukraine were registered at border crossing points (BCPs) entering the Republic of Moldova. Simultaneously, movements of persons crossing back to Ukraine have been reported. According to national authorities, 200,400 Ukrainian nationals and TCNs who entered the Republic of Moldova from Ukraine after 24 February 2022, have since then travelled back (Source: General Inspectorate for Border Police). The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has conducted surveys with adults (18 years and above) crossing back to Ukraine, through CBS Axa Research, since April 2022. Data is collected at two main border crossing points (BCPs) with Ukraine – Palanca and Otaci. This report presents the main findings based on data collected between 6 October and 18 November 2022. Individuals crossing into Ukraine are not necessarily returnees and conclusions on definitive trends cannot be drawn. The sample is not representative of all persons crossing to Ukraine, and results should only be considered as indicative

IOM works with national and local authorities in order to gain a better understanding of population movements throughout Southern Africa. Through the setup of Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs), IOM seeks to quantify migration flows, trends and routes and to gain a better understanding of the profiles of observed individuals at entry, transit or exit points (such as border crossing posts, bus stations, rest areas, police checkpoints and reception centres). This report is an overview of the data collected in these FMPs from 1 to 30 November 2022.

Inter-regional migration from and within the Southern Africa is categorized along the following corridors. The Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) were set-up in several key transit locations along the corridors to track the movements of passengers: 

•Zimbabwe (Mutare) – Mozambique (Manica)

•Zimbabwe – Zambia (Chirundu)

•Zimbabwe – Botswana (Plumtree)

•Zimbabwe (Beitbridge) – South Africa

•Malawi (Mchinji) - Zambia (Mwami)

•Malawi (Karonga ) – United Republic of Tanzania

•Malawi (Mwanza) – Mozambique (Zobue) 

•Mozambique (Ressano Garcia) – South Africa

•Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kasumbalesa) – Zambia

Over the reporting period a total of 76,844 movements were observed across 48 FMPs in the region. The Zimbabwe – South Africa corridor hosted the largest number of movements with 38,422 (50%) followed by the Malawi (Mwanza) – Mozambique (Zobue) corridor with 9,795 (13%) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasumbalesa) – Zambia corridor with 8,960 (12%) movements reported.

Entre le 4 au 10 décembre 2022, la DTM a identifié 886 personnes affectées dont 288 personnes déplacées par les pluies torrentielles et les vents violents.

During the month of November 2022, a total of 48,755 movements were recorded and 3,245 migrants were interviewed across 33 Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) in Zimbabwe. The total movements recorded increased by 8% compared to the previous month. 61% of movements observed were inflows, whilst 39% were outflows. The top three sending districts were Beitbridge (43%), Harare (13%), and Masvingo (6%).

The South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor recorded the highest movement of 38,422 (79%) followed by the Zambia-Zimbabwe corridor which recorded 6,144 (13%) movements. Thirty-four per cent of movements along the South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor were short-term local movements. These are characterized by movements of less than 6 months of people travelling to conduct commercial activities, travelling to access services and daily regular commuting. Twenty-six per cent of movements along the South Africa- Zimbabwe corridor were family reunifications, and 24% were long-term economic movements. The Zambia-Zimbabwe corridor consisted of  72% short-term movements, and 16% long-term economic movements. Forty-four per cent of movements along the Botswana-Zimbabwe corridor were long-term economic movements. Sixty per cent of long-term economic movements were outflows while fifty-six of short-term local movements were inflows. The reporting period has generally been characterized by an increase in movements as a result of the approaching holiday seasons. Movements are predominantly for family reunification and travellers conducting commercial activities in anticipation for the December holiday season.

During the month of October 2022, a total of 44,995 movements were recorded and 3,089 migrants were interviewed across 43 Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) in Zimbabwe. The total movements recorded decreased by 5% compared to the previous month. 60% of movements observed were inflows, whilst 40% were outflows. The top three sending districts were Beitbridge (41%), Harare (12%), and Chiredzi (8%) and the top receiving districts were Harare (22%), Beitbridge (20%) and Bulawayo (8%).

South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor recorded the highest movement of 37,710 (80%) followed by Zambia-Zimbabwe corridor which recorded 5,139(11%) movements. Out of the 19, 959 outflows observed,  77% of were recorded along irregular crossing points compared to 38% of inflows. Most migrants chose to use formal crossing points when entering the country. The cited reasons for using informal crossing points were lack of travelling documents, proximity to intended destination and proximity to service centres such as clinics and workplaces. Migrants prefer using the formal entry points when returning to the country since there are no restrictions when returning to the country of origin and also due to the high security risks encountered when using informal crossing points. An increase in the number of outgoing migrants can be attributed to the return of migrants to their livelihood activities following the August holidays. Beitbridge Border Post, Dite and Chituripasi were the preferred exit points accounting for 34% of outflows  whilst Beitbridge border post was the preferred entry point recording 46% of inflows followed by Maroyi (5%) and Chirundu border post (5%).