Ovaj izvještaj pruža uvide u profile, iskustva, potrebe, rute putovanja i namjere migranata koji su u tranzitu kroz Bosnu i Hercegovinu (BiH).

Podaci su prikupljeni od 4. do 29. septembra 2023. IOM je proveo vježbu praćenja ruta u Republici Srpskoj, Kantonu Sarajevo, Posavskom kantonu, Tuzlanskom kantonu, Bosansko-podrinjskom kantonu i Unsko-sanskom kantonu kako bi pratio trendove ulazaka i izlazaka, te modalitete tranzita unutar BiH. IOM je također anketirao 1.028 migranata na aktivnim tranzitnim lokacijama kao što su autobuske stanice i ključne ulazne i izlazne lokacije širom zemlje, kao i u tri tranzitna prihvatna centra u BiH (Lipa, Borići i Blažuj).

This report provides insights into the profiles, experiences, needs, routes travelled and intentions of migrants transiting through Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH).

Data was collected from 4 September to 29 September 2023. IOM carried out a route observation exercise in the Republika Srpska, Sarajevo Canton, Posavina Canton, Tuzla Canton, Bosnian-Podrinje Canton and Una Sana Canton to monitor trends in entries and exits as well as transit modalities within BiH. IOM also surveyed 1,028 migrants in active transit locations such as bus stops or at key entry and exit locations throughout the country as well as in three transit reception centres in BiH (Lipa, Borići and Blažuj).

Climate change and environmental degradation have contributed to the displacement of at least 55,290 individuals in assessed locations in central and southern Iraq between January 2016 and October 2022. This figure represents an estimated 15 per cent of the original population that used to reside in these locations. In other words, more than 1 in 10 people from these locations have been displaced in the past six years. Given the uptick in environmental migration observed in 2022, this trend is expected to worsen, particularly in the absence of adequate mitigation and adaptation strategies.

To better understand the root causes of these movements, the International Organization for Migration’s (IOM) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) developed a tool to assess a location’s vulnerability to climate-induced displacement. The tool measured four dimensions: 1) environmental hazards and water access, 2) services and infrastructure, 3) livelihoods and mitigation measures and 4) tension and conflict. This assessment examined conditions in locations that have already recorded climate-induced displacement, as measured by IOM DTM’s Climate Emergency Tracking tool. Data collection for this assessment took place between August and October 2022 across nine governorates, 29 districts and 262 locations. IOM’s Rapid Assessment and Response Teams (RARTs) collected these data through interviews with key informants (KIs) at the location level. These interviews were triangulated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) anomaly data, which measure changes in the ‘greenness’ of vegetation cover and are used as a proxy to compare the density and health of vegetation over time. The NDVI anomaly data were extracted from the United States Geological Survey/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Landsat remote sensing data and analysed in partnership with the World Food Programme’s Vulnerability and Analysis Mapping team.

La DTM a identifié 613 personnes affectées dont 183 personnes déplacées par les vents violents et des pluies torrentielles dans les provinces de Mwaro, Kirundo, Bujumbura Mairie, Bururi, Cankuzo et Makamba.

IOM Yemen DTM’s Rapid Displacement Tracking (RDT) tool collects data on estimated numbers of households forced to flee on a daily basis from their locations of origin or displacement, allowing for regular reporting of new displacements in terms of estimated numbers, geography, and needs. It also tracks returnees who returned to their location of origin.                                                                                                        

From 1 January to 28 October 2023, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 9,187 households (HH) (55,122 Individuals) who experienced displacement at least once.                                                                                                              

Between 22 and 28 October 2023, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 4,392 households (26,352 individuals) displaced at least once. The majority of people moved into/within the following governorates and districts:                                                                                                           

• Al Maharah (3,749 HHs) – Haswin (1,815 HHs), Al Ghaydhah (1,123 HHs), Qishn (310 HHs) districts. All displacements in the governorate were internal.
• Hadramawt (607 HHs) – Ar Raydah wa Qussayar (597 HHs), Ad Dis (10 HHs) districts. All displacements in the governorate were internal.
• Ma’rib (27 HHs) – Ma’rib City (15 HHs), Ma’rib (10 HHs), Harib (2 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Ma’rib and Al Hodeidah.

The majority of people moved from the following governorates and districts:

• Al Maharah (3,749 HHs) – Al Ghaydhah (27,73 HHs), Qishn (310 HHs), Haswin (216 HHs) districts.
• Hadramawt (607 HHs) – Ar Raydah wa Qussayar (607 HHs) district.
• Al Hodeidah (14 HHs) – Hays (7 HHs), At Tuhayta (2 HHs), Al Jarrahi (2 HHs) districts.

Within the West and Central Africa (WCA) region, the Sahel stretches from Mauritania to Chad, separating the Sahara desert on the North, from tropical coastal countries to the South. Overall, within the African continent, it spans from the Atlantic Ocean on the West to the Red Sea on the East, separating the desert from the savanna. Migratory routes within the WCA region inevitably cross the Sahel and - throughout their journeys - migrants are facing multiple risks along these routes.

This report compiles information from different data and research activities held within the region in the objective to highlight the diverse dynamics, profiles and risks migrants are facing while travelling on the WCA routes through the Sahel. This dashboard covers the period until September 2023 and is based on information from (1) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) data on mobility trends and population flows; (2) Missing Migrants Project (MMP) data on arrivals to Europe and the Canary Islands, migrant deaths and disappearances; (3) Data on migrants seeking Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) to and within the WCA region; (4) Expulsions of migrants from other regions to WCA, especially from Algeria and Libya; (5) Transhumance Tracking Tool (TTT) data on the mobility of transhumant populations throughout the Sahel; and (6) Solutions and Mobility Index (SMI) indicators of stability within the Sahelian region.

This report is based on a survey of displacement patterns, needs and intentions conducted by IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) in the countries included in the Regional Response Plan for Ukraine in 2023: 6 countries neighbouring Ukraine – Belarus, Hungary, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania and Slovakia – and other 5 countries particularly impacted by the arrivals of refugees from Ukraine since the start of the war in February 2022 – Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The analysis presented in this report is based on data collected between July and September 2023.

Key Findings: 

• Top oblasts of origin: Donetska (15%), Kharkivska (12%), Khersonska (12%), Zaporizka (10%), Dnipropetrovska (7%).
• Intentions to move: Lithuania - no intentions to move (95%), move within current country (1%), or to another country (1%), Top 3 being Poland, Latvia, and the United Kingdom; Latvia - Latvia is a transit country for many refugees from Ukraine. The majority planned to move to another country (58%), Top 3 being Poland, Russian Federation, and Germany. Others wanted to move to a different location in Ukraine (29%), or move to their place of origin in Ukraine (8%); Estonia - no intention to move (88%), move to place of origin in Ukraine (3%), to another country (3%), Top 3 being Germany, Czechia, and Norway.
• Employment status: Lithuania - employed (33%), retired (24%), unemployed and looking for a job (14%), unemployed and not looking for a job (12%), parental leave (12%); Latvia - unemployed and looking for a job (40%), employed (20%), retired (25%), unemployed and not looking for a job (4%), daily workers (3%); Estonia - employed (46%), unemployed and looking for a job (22%), student (14%), retired (6%), on parental leave (5%).
• Top needs*: Lithuania - financial support (27%), health services (22%), medicines (18%), employment (14%), food products (12%); Latvia - housing (36%), cash support (36%), employment (34%), medical needs (23%), information (18%); Estonia - employment (20%), health services (17%), financial support (16%), documentation and registration (12%).
• Top areas of assistance received*: Lithuania - food products (90%), personal hygiene and sanitary supplies (85%), financial support (83%), transportation (58%), clothes and shoes (53%); Latvia - food products (74%), financial support (40%), housing (35%), personal hygiene and sanitary supplies (16%); Estonia - free transportation (84%), food items (71%), financial support (66%), accommodation (34%).
• Top inclusion challenges*: Lithuania - financial issues (23%), language barrier (14%), employment (12%), housing (11%), social services (8%); Estonia - language barrier (33%), employment (24%), housing (14%), accessing social services (9%). 
  
  * Multiple answers possible 

The DTM Emergency Tracking Tool (ETT) is deployed to track and collect information on large and sudden population movements, provide frequent updates on the scale of displacement and quantify the affected population when needed. As a sub-component of the mobility tracking methodology in Nigeria, ETT utilizes direct observations and a broad network of key informants to capture the best estimates of the affected population per location, enabling targeted humanitarian response planning.
Between 16 and 22 October 2023, a total of 1,891 new arrivals were recorded at locations in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states. The new arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Chibok, Dikwa, Gwoza, Hawul, Kala/Balge, Mobbar, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the most conflict-affected Borno State, in Fufore, Gombi, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State and Tarmua LGA of Yobe State.