Between 26 March and 08 April 2023, 1,591 undocumented Afghan nationals spontaneously returned to Afghanistan, including 1,054 through the Torkham border point and 537 through the Chaman border point. Border authorities facilitated the return of 337 individuals due to the lack of legal documentation to remain in Pakistan. Therefore, information about these individuals are not included in the count. Although IOM identified the period for the 20,517 undocumented Afghan returnees at two border crossings, this may not reflect the total number of undocumented Afghan returnees. Moreover, for this study, only the head of household or representative of the family were interviewed

IOM works with national and local authorities in order to gain a better understanding of population movements throughout Southern Africa. Through the setup of Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs), IOM seeks to quantify migration flows, trends and routes and to gain a better understanding of the profiles of observed individuals at entry, transit or exit points (such as border crossing posts, bus stations, rest areas, police checkpoints and reception centres). This report is an overview of the data collected in these FMPs from 1 to 31 March 2023.

Inter-regional migration from and within the Southern Africa is categorized along the following corridors. The Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) were set-up in several key transit locations along the corridors to track the movements of passengers: 

•Zimbabwe (Mutare) – Mozambique (Manica)

•Zimbabwe (Chirundu) – Zambia

•Zimbabwe – Botswana (Plumtree)

•Zimbabwe – South Africa (Beitbridge)

•Malawi (Karonga ) – United Republic of Tanzania

•Malawi (Mwanza) – Mozambique (Zobue) 

•Malawi (Mangochi) – Mozambique

•Mozambique (Ressano Garcia) – South Africa

Over the reporting period a total of 60,734 movements were observed across 44 FMPs in the region. The Zimbabwe – South Africa corridor hosted the largest number of movements with 31,613 (52%) followed by the Malawi (Mwanza) – Mozambique (Zobue) corridor with 7,962 (13%) and the Zimbabwe (Chirundu) – Zambia corridor with 7,081 (12%) movements reported.

On April 16 and 24, several fire outbreaks were reported in Water Board Camp in Monguno Local Government Area (LGA), Borno state. The fire outbreak affected a total of 232 individuals and destroyed 45 makeshift shelters. The affected individuals included 141 children, 46 women and 45 men. The majority of those affected by the fire outbreak lost their personal items in the fire, including biometric cards and food ration cards. The fire outbreak was caused by the wind spreading cooking fires. One death was reported as a result of the fire outbreak. While the affected populations are working to rebuild their shelters, they presently live with their neighbours in the same camp.

Needs
Amongst the most urgent needs identified were food, shelter kits and non-food items (NFIs).

Response
At the time of reporting, no assistance has been rendered to the affected population. 

On 21 and 23 of April, windstorms were reported in the communities Tsangaya and Kakuma of the Wards Miya West and Kubi East, both located in Ganjuwa LGA of Bauchi State. The windstorms affected a total of 890 individuals from 125 households. As a result of the windstorms, one person was injured and over 95 houses were damaged.
On 19 April, a communal clash was reported in the community of Sang, located in Bogoro A Ward of Bogoro LGA in Bauchi State. It was reported that irate youth opposed the installation of the new village head.  An estimated 213 individuals from 36 households were affected by the clash and were displaced within the Sang community. One life was lost as a result of the clash.

IOM Pakistan collects data on the outflows of undocumented Afghan migrants at the Torkham and Chaman border crossing points in an effort to better understand the migration movements of undocumented Afghan migrants returning to Afghanistan from Pakistan.

During the reporting period (19 to 25 April 2023), a total of 52 movements were recorded - 21 arrivals (596 individuals), 27 departures (553 individuals), and 4 returns (32 individuals). The largest arrival movements were recorded in Mocimboa Da Praia (310 individuals), Macomia (137 individuals) and Muidumbe (101 individuals). The largest departure movements were recorded in Nangade (214 individuals), and Cidade de Pemba (175 individuals), The largest return movement was recorded within Ancuabe (21 individuals). Only 22 of the mobile groups were displaced for the first time, 53 per cent for a second time and 25 per cent were displaced at least three times.

Базова оцінка території зареєстрованих ВПО надає детальні дані щодо кількості та географічного розташування офіційно зареєстрованих внутрішньо переміщених осіб (ВПО). У цьому звіті оцінюється присутність зареєстрованих ВПО на рівні районів, а також відображається зареєстрована зміна з попереднього раунду. У 22-му раунді представлено дані про зареєстрованих ВПО з розбивкою за статтю та віком, а також їх розподіл за трьома визначеними віковими категоріями. Дані, зібрані для 22 раунду базової оцінки території, відображають кількість зареєстрованих ВПО станом на 31 березня 2023 року в 23 областях та місті Києві. У охоплених областях кількість зареєстрованих ВПО було зібрано для 109 районів та 933 громад (70% усіх громад в охоплених областях). Дані з розбивкою за статтю надано для 79 відсотків громад . Дані з розбивкою за віком надали від 70 до 87 відсотків громад залежно від категорії.

During the month of March 2023, a total of 43,758 movements were recorded and 3,972 migrants were interviewed across 34 Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) in Zimbabwe. The total movements recorded increased by 4% compared to the previous month. 58% of movements observed were inflows, whilst 42% were outflows. The top three sending districts were Beitbridge (39%), Harare (15%) and Chiredzi (9%). Matabeleland South province recorded the highest number of outflows (43%) and Harare province recorded the highest number of inflows (30%).

The South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor recorded the highest movement of 31,613 (72%) followed by the Zambia-Zimbabwe corridor which recorded 7,081 (16%) movements. Thirty-four per cent of movements along the South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor were short-term local movements. Of the migrants travelling from South Africa, 22% were going to Beitbridge, 14% to Harare and 7% to Bulawayo. Thirty per cent of movements along the South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor were long-term economic movements whilst 22% were for family reunifications.

The Zambia-Zimbabwe corridor consisted of 69% short-term movements and 14% long-term economic movements.  Fifty-six per cent of migrants travelling to Zambia were travelling to conduct commercial activities. Of the migrants travelling to Zambia, 86% were travelling from Harare and 6% from Kariba. Outgoing migrants who had departed from Matabeleland South highlighted Limpopo (44%) and Gauteng (23%) as their intended destinations. Of the incoming migrants travelling to Harare, 42% were travelling from Lusaka and 26% from Gauteng.

During the month of February 2023, a total of 42,264 movements were recorded and 2,957 migrants were interviewed across 34 Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) in Zimbabwe. The total movements recorded decreased by 5% compared to the previous month. 62% of movements observed were inflows, whilst 38% were outflows. The top three sending districts were Beitbridge (48%), Harare (11%) and Masvingo (7%). Matabeleland South recorded the highest number of outflows (52%) and Harare recorded the highest number of inflows (22%).

The South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor recorded the highest movement of 32,902 (78%) followed by the Zambia-Zimbabwe corridor which recorded 5,628 (13%) movements. Thirty-two per cent of movements along the South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor were short-term local movements. Of the migrants travelling from South Africa, 16% were travelling  to Harare, 14% to Beitbridge and 6% to Bulawayo. Twenty-eight per cent of movements along the South Africa- Zimbabwe corridor were long-term economic movements, and 25% were family reunifications. Zambia-Zimbabwe corridor consisted of  69% short-term movements, and 15% long-term economic movements. Of the migrants travelling to Zambia, 77% were travelling from Harare and 8% from Kariba. Forty-nine percent of migrants travelling to Zambia were going to conduct commercial activities.

Outgoing migrants who had departed from Matabeleland South highlighted Limpopo (42%) and Gauteng (14%) as their intended destinations. Of the incoming migrants travelling to Harare, 35% were travelling from Lusaka and 28% from Gauteng.