Flow Monitoring

La Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM), como agencia de las Naciones Unidas en materia de migración en Costa Rica, implementó, desde 2021, dos rondas de la Matriz de Seguimiento al Desplazamiento (DTM por sus siglas en inglés) como parte de su estrategia de monitoreo del flujo migratorio circular de personas de nacionalidad nicaragüense, en puntos fronterizos no oficiales, en distintos cantones del norte del país. A partir de este ejercicio en tres puntos de ingreso no oficial de la frontera con Nicaragua, se contabilizaron 60 697 movimientos migratorios, de los cuales el 59 por ciento fueron egresos y 41 por ciento ingresos.

Siendo parte fundamental de la misión de OIM brindar asesoría clave sobre políticas y prácticas migratorias, se vuelve necesario actualizar los datos de este flujo migratorio circular de nicaragüenses que cruzan tanto de forma regular como irregular la frontera norte de Costa Rica.

Según los registros de la DGME de ingresos y egresos regulares por puestos fronterizos oficiales en Los Chiles y Peñas Blancas, en 2022 hubo 394.730 movimientos migratorios regulares (50 % ingresos y 50 % egresos). Durante el 2023, en total se registraron 526.271 movimientos migratorios (50 % ingresos y 50 % egresos) . Los movimientos migratorios de 2023 superaron en un 33,3 por ciento los de 2022. Durante enero del 2024, se han realizado un total de 62.233 movimientos migratorios siendo el 63 por ciento ingresos y el 37 por ciento egresos.

In response to recent movements, IOM Afghanistan re-launched its DTM Flow Monitoring activity at the beginning of 2024 to better understand the mobility dynamics at Afghanistan’s borders. Since 10 January 2024, DTM has deployed field teams at four border crossing points with the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRN) and Pakistan (PAK) (see map below) to conduct two interlinked exercises. The first is a headcount of all individuals entering or leaving Afghanistan (including returnees), also called Flow Monitoring Counting (FMC), to gauge flow volume. The second is a survey of randomly selected Afghan national individuals or groups entering or leaving Afghanistan, also called the Flow Monitoring Survey (FMS), to understand the profiles, motivations, and vulnerabilities of the target population. This snapshot provides key findings combining various IOM data sources, including DTM Afghanistan’s FMC and FMS activities, DTM Pakistan’s Flow Monitoring of Afghan returnees, and IOM Afghanistan’s Cross-Border Post-Arrival Humanitarian Assistance (CB-PAHA) program, for the period 4 to 10 February 2024. For more information about methodology, see the the section in the last page of this report titled “IOM INFLOWS.” 

This factsheet aims to provide a snapshot of multi-sectoral conditions, needs, and challenges among Myanmar migrants in Chiang Mai province as captured between October 2023 and January 2024 by IOM Thailand’s multi-sectoral assessment of needs. The purpose of this assessment is to provide insights regarding the severity of needs among migrant populations, identify vulnerable population groups and geographic areas with the most acute needs, inform assistance planning and relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets, and provide sectoral and inter-sectoral baselines for future assessments.

This snapshot report will present data on returned migrants from abroad collected by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) methodology and Village Assessment Survey (VAS) tool in the Amhara and Oromia regions of Ethiopia between November 2022 and January 2023. A total of 21,832 returned migrants from abroad were identified in 730 villages in Amhara region and 4,812 returned migrants from abroad were identified in 174 villages in Oromia region.

تعمل مصفوفة تتبُع النزوح الخاصة بالمنظمة الدولية للهجرة في اليمن عبر سجل مراقبة التدفق في المواقع الرئيسية التي يصل عبرها المهاجرون على الحدود الساحلية الجنوبية، و المواقع التي يعبر من خلالها اليمنيون  العائدون والموجودة على الحدود الشمالية لليمن مع المملكة العربية السعودية. يُراقب الباحثون المتمركزون في نقاط رصد تدفق وصول المهاجرين والمواطنين اليمنيين العائدين من أجل التعرف على الأنماط المختلفة للهجرة وتقديم تقديرات كمية للمساهمة في تحديد عدد المهاجرين الوافدين الى  البلد. لا يشمل سجل مراقبة التدفق جميع نقاط التدفق في اليمن، ولكنه يمثل مؤشراً حول اتجاهات الهجرة بالنسبة لإجمالي العدد غير المعروف للمهاجرين الوافدين إلى اليمن عبر نقاط التدفق خلال الإطار الزمني المحدد. والجدير بالذكر أن القيود المفروضة على الوصول تَحُد من القدرة على جمع البيانات في بعض نقاط وصول المهاجرين.

في محاولة للحد من تدفق المهاجرين الذين يدخلون اليمن، والذي يعبر بشكل أساسي عبر أراضيه باتجاه المملكة العربية السعودية ودول الخليج الأخرى، بدأت حملة عسكرية مشتركة في أغسطس 2023، وركزت هذه الحملة على ساحل محافظة لحج، وهي نقطة دخول مهمة لعدد كبير من المهاجرين (بحد أقصى 15,714 مهاجرًا في مارس 2023). ولتحقيق هذه المهمة، كثفت الحملة العسكرية اعتقال المهربين وملاحقة قواربهم، مما أدى إلى انخفاض تدريجي في تدفق المهاجرين عبر هذا الساحل حتى توقف تماما خلال الأشهر الأربعة الماضية، مع استثناء واحد في منتصف ديسمبر، عندما تمكن قارب يحمل 110 مهاجرين من الوصول إلى ساحل لحج.

في يناير 2024، سجلت مصفوفة تتبع النزوح التابعة للمنظمة الدولية للهجرة في اليمن دخول 1,737 مهاجرًا إلى اليمن، بزيادة قدرها ثلاثة بالمائة مقارنة بالشهر الماضي (1,679). تعتبر شبوة عادة نقطة دخول للمهاجرين من الصومال ونادرا ما تشهد مغادرة المهاجرين من جيبوتي بسبب المسافة الكبيرة بين جيبوتي وشبوة. وفي شبوة، بلغ إجمالي عدد المهاجرين الذين وصلوا خلال شهر يناير 1,736 (1,526 غادروا من باري بالصومال و210 مهاجرين غادروا من أوبوك بجيبوتي). ارتفع العدد الإجمالي للمهاجرين الذين يدخلون عبر شبوة بنسبة 11 في المائة في يناير (1,736) مقارنة بشهر ديسمبر (1,569). علاوة على ذلك، تمت ملاحظة مهاجر واحد في منطقة المقرة بحضرموت. وجاء على متن قارب صيادين يمنيين كان يحمله أثناء الصيد بالقرب من الصومال.

وفقًا لمصفوفة تتبع النزوح، شكلت الحركات الناجمة عن النزاع 76 في المائة من جميع الحركات الواردة في يناير 2024. وقد لوحظت هذه الحركات حصريًا في شبوة، قادمة من باري، الصومال (89٪) وأوبوك، جيبوتي (11٪). سجل فريق مصفوفة تتبع النزوح في جيبوتي 282 مهاجرًا (246 ذكرًا و36 أنثى) انطلقوا في رحلة خطيرة للعودة إلى وطنهم بالقارب من اليمن خلال شهر يناير 2024 بسبب الأزمة الإنسانية في اليمن وتحديات الوصول إلى المملكة العربية السعودية.

بالإضافة إلى ذلك، لاحظت مصفوفة تتبع النزوح انخفاضًا في عدد العائدين اليمنيين بنسبة واحد بالمائة في يناير (5,148) مقارنة بشهر ديسمبر (5,092). علاوة على ذلك، في يناير 2024، تم ترحيل خمسة مهاجرين صوماليين من عمان إلى اليمن.

IOM Yemen DTM’s Flow Monitoring Registry (FMR) monitors migrant arrivals on the southern coastal border and Yemeni return locations on Yemen's northern border with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Enumerators placed at Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) record migrant arrivals and returning Yemeni nationals to identify different patterns of migration, and to provide quantitative estimates to help define the population of irregular migrants entering the country. FMR is not representative of all flows in Yemen and should be understood as only indicative of migration trends of the unknown total number of migrants arriving in Yemen at FMPs during the time frame indicated. Access constraints limit the ability to collect data at some migrant arrival points.

In an effort to reduce the flow of migrants entering Yemen, which primarily crosses through its territory towards Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries, a joint military campaign was initiated in August 2023. This campaign focused on the coast of Lahj governorate, a significant entry point for a large number of migrants (max. 15,714 migrants in March 2023). Towards achieving this mission, the military campaign intensified the detention of smugglers and pursued their boats, leading to a steady decrease in the flow of migrants through this coast until it ceased entirely during the last four months, with a single exception in the middle of December, when a boat carrying 110 migrants managed to land there.

In January 2024, IOM Yemen DTM recorded 1,737 migrants entering Yemen, an increase of three per cent compared to last month (1,679). Shabwah typically serves as an entry point for migrants from Somalia and rarely sees migrants departing from Djibouti due to the considerable distance between Djibouti and Shabwah. In Shabwah, the total number of migrants arrived during January was 1,736 (1,526 departing from Bari, Somalia and 210 migrants departing from Obock, Djibouti). The overall number of migrants entering through Shabwah has increased by 11 per cent in January (1,736) compared to December (1,569). Furthermore, one migrant was noted in Hadramawt's Maqrah FMP. He came aboard a Yemeni fishermen's boat that had carried him while fishing near Somalia.

According to DTM, conflict-induced movements constituted 76 per cent of all incoming movements in January 2024. These movements were exclusively observed in Shabwah, originating from Bari, Somalia (89%) and Obock, Djibouti (11%). Djibouti DTM team recorded 282 migrants (246 males and 36 females) embarked on a dangerous journey back home by boat from Yemen during January 2024 due to the humanitarian crisis in Yemen and challenges in reaching Saudi Arabia.

Additionally, DTM observed a decrease in Yemeni returnees by one per cent in January (5,148) compared to December (5,092). Furthermore, in January 2024, five Somali migrants were deported from Oman back into Yemen.

IOM Yemen DTM’s Flow Monitoring Registry (FMR) monitors migrant arrivals on the southern coastal border and Yemeni return locations on Yemen's northern border with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Enumerators placed at Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) record migrant arrivals and returning Yemeni nationals to identify different patterns of migration, and to provide quantitative estimates to help define the population of irregular migrants entering the country. FMR is not representative of all flows in Yemen and should be understood as only indicative of migration trends of the unknown total number of migrants arriving in Yemen at FMPs during the time frame indicated. Access constraints limit the ability to collect data at some migrant arrival points.

In an effort to reduce the flow of migrants entering Yemen, which primarily crosses through its territory towards Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries, a joint military campaign was initiated in August 2023. This campaign focused on the coast of Lahj governorate, a significant entry point for a large number of migrants (max. 15,714 migrants in March 2023). Towards achieving this mission, the military campaign intensified the detention of smugglers and pursued their boats, leading to a steady decrease in the flow of migrants through this coast until it ceased entirely during the last four months, with a single exception in the middle of December, when a boat carrying 110 migrants managed to land there.

In January 2024, IOM Yemen DTM recorded 1,737 migrants entering Yemen, an increase of three per cent compared to last month (1,679). Shabwah typically serves as an entry point for migrants from Somalia and rarely sees migrants departing from Djibouti due to the considerable distance between Djibouti and Shabwah. In Shabwah, the total number of migrants arrived during January was 1,736 (1,526 departing from Bari, Somalia and 210 migrants departing from Obock, Djibouti). The overall number of migrants entering through Shabwah has increased by 11 per cent in January (1,736) compared to December (1,569). Furthermore, one migrant was noted in Hadramawt's Maqrah FMP. He came aboard a Yemeni fishermen's boat that had carried him while fishing near Somalia.

According to DTM, conflict-induced movements constituted 76 per cent of all incoming movements in January 2024. These movements were exclusively observed in Shabwah, originating from Bari, Somalia (89%) and Obock, Djibouti (11%). Djibouti DTM team recorded 282 migrants (246 males and 36 females) embarked on a dangerous journey back home by boat from Yemen during January 2024 due to the humanitarian crisis in Yemen and challenges in reaching Saudi Arabia.

Additionally, DTM observed a decrease in Yemeni returnees by one per cent in January (5,148) compared to December (5,092). Furthermore, in January 2024, five Somali migrants were deported from Oman back into Yemen.

According to the latest available gures from the Turkish Presidency of Migration Management (PMM), there are more than 4.6 million foreign nationals present in Türkiye, 3.4 million of whom are seeking international protection. Most are Syrians (3,181,222 individuals) who have been granted temporary protection status. In addition, international protection holders from countries including Iraq, Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Ukraine constitute another group of foreign nationals. According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), there were 296,685 refugees and asylum-seekers in Türkiye as of 2023. Moreover in 2023, according to PMM, there were 19,017 international protection applicants in the country, a figure released by PMM annually.
In addition, there are 1,119,238 foreign nationals present in Türkiye, holding residence permits. Compared to January 2023, this is a decrease of 235,469 individuals.

In response to recent movements, IOM Afghanistan re-launched its DTM Flow Monitoring activity at the beginning of 2024 to better understand the mobility dynamics at Afghanistan’s borders. Since 10 January 2024, DTM has deployed field teams at four border crossing points with the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRN) and Pakistan (PAK) (see map below) to conduct two interlinked exercises. The first is a headcount of all individuals entering or leaving Afghanistan (including returnees), also called Flow Monitoring Counting (FMC), to gauge flow volume. The second is a survey of randomly selected Afghan national individuals or groups entering or leaving Afghanistan, also called the Flow Monitoring Survey (FMS), to understand the profiles, motivations, and vulnerabilities of the target population. This snapshot provides key findings combining various IOM data sources, including DTM Afghanistan’s FMC and FMS activities, DTM Pakistan’s Flow Monitoring of Afghan returnees, and IOM Afghanistan’s Cross-Border Post-Arrival Humanitarian Assistance (CB-PAHA) program, for the period 28 January to 3 February 2024. For more information about methodology, see the the section in the last page of this report titled “IOM INFLOWS.” 

Ovaj izveštaj pruža uvid u profile, iskustva i putovanja migranata koji su u tranzitu u Republici Srbiji. Podaci su prikupljeni od 15. do 29. decembra 2023. zajedno sa Komesarijatom za izbeglice i migracije Republike Srbije (KIRS). Ukupno je intervjuisano 112 migranata u šest centara širom zemlje (AC Banja Koviljača, PC Pirot, AC Obrenovac, PC Bujanovac, AC Krnjača, PC Preševo).