Internal displacement

Pathways for regular migration are an essential component of Ukraine’s recovery, addressing labour shortages and demographic challenges. The demographic and economic strategies under development by the Government of Ukraine identify the need to attract Ukrainians living abroad back to Ukraine, support women to enter the labour market, and support IDPs to adapt to the labour market demands in their area of displacement.

This brief provides an evidence base for the development of migration policies and interventions, providing data-driven insights on perceptions of - and challenges to - labour immigration among the general population. This brief looks at the experience of Ukrainians with migrants prior to the full-scale invasion, how the general population perceives the arrival of migrant workers in the coming years; and identifies potential barriers to integration or sources of tensions, which require a comprehensive response to facilitate safe migration and social cohesion.

Following the release of the first edition of PROGRESS 2023 report, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) compiled a series of National Displacement Profiles based on end of year 2023 figures. These profiles offer insights into the latest end-of-year 2023 figures, aligning with the objectives outlined by the Data for Solutions to Internal Displacement Taskforce (DSID).

This profile is a mid-year update of the displacement figures in Central African Republic to provide a comprehensive overview of the demographic breakdowns and geographical distribution of internally displaced persons (IDPs) as of May 2024. It delves into the primary areas of origin and displacement for IDPs, shedding light on the factors influencing their decision-making processes regarding the selection of solutions locations. Additionally, the report discusses the obstacles encountered by IDPs in their pursuit of durable solutions.

This compilation underscores the critical role of data in addressing internal displacement challenges and highlights the ongoing efforts to leverage data-driven solutions through collaborative initiatives like DSID.

The Sudan Mobility Overview provides an in-depth analysis of displacement and mobility in Sudan between 01 May - 03 July 2024. This bi-monthly report summarizes displacement pathways, movement intentions, and humanitarian needs of IDPs in Sudan. 

DTM Sudan relies on a network of 470 enumerators and 6,381 key informants to collect data from 8,620 locations across all 18 states in Sudan. 

Displacement Figures

• DTM Sudan estimates that 10,594,576 individuals (2,129,632 households) are internally displaced in Sudan, as of 03 July 2024.
• An estimated 7,794,480 individuals were displaced since 15 April 2023. 
• An estimated 2,238,671 individuals crossed borders into neighbouring countries since 15 April 2023. 
• 27% of IDPs who were initially displaced prior to the onset of conflict on 15 April 2023 were displaced again after 15 April 2023. 
• 55% of IDPs were children under the age of 18-years-old. 

Highlights

• Approximately 50 per cent of IDPs were hosted across the Darfur states, with nearly 17 per cent of all IDPs hosted in South Darfur alone. 
• Over a third (35%) of all IDPs were displaced from Khartoum state. 
• Food remained the highest reported need among displaced households: over 97 per cent of IDPs across Sudan were hosted in localities with high levels of acute food insecurity or worse (IPC Level 3+). Food was reportedly unaffordable for an estimated 89 per cent of displaced households. 
• Over 20 per cent of the population in Sudan was displaced, either internally or across borders, since 15 April 2023. 
• Sudan hosts approximately 14 per cent of all IDPs worldwide, and approximately 1 in 7 IDPs worldwide are Sudanese.

This report presents evidence on persons crossing back to Ukraine from abroad distinguishing between those who aim to remain in the country for longer periods and those who plan to pay a short visit. Individuals planning to spend 0 to 30 days in Ukraine are categorized as “short-term visitors,” while those intending to stay longer than one month are identified as “prospective returnees.” The analysis is based on 4,938 surveys collected by DTM between January and March 2024 with adult individuals travelling to Ukraine from the neighbouring countries.

Key Findings:

• Among 4,903 Ukrainians, 92% were women and 8% were men.
• 25% of respondents were prospective returnees, 56% were short-term visitors and 19% were undecided.
• 56% stayed in neighbouring countries prior to crossing back
• Top reasons to cross back included: Meeting family members (53%), receiving medical care (2£%), returning after visiting someone abroad (18%), obtain/renew documents (13%), and reunite with family members (10%).
• 62% of respondents received aid while abroad.
• Top 5 needs included: Financial support (41%), personal safety and security (30%), health services (24%), medicines (19%) and employment (11%).
• For Third Country Nationals (TCNs), 89% left Ukraine because of the war and 83% resided in Ukraine for more than 5 years prior to displacement.

IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with Refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024 in nine countries in Central and Eastern Europe: Czechia,¹ Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,² Romania, Republic of Moldova, and Slovakia.³

This report presents the findings of surveys with adult Ukrainian citizens related to their housing conditions, highlighting trends in their accommodation needs and intentions, available housing options, along with the key challenges they may encounter during displacement. The analysis focuses on respondents who answered questions on housing conditions and needs in their respective host countries, and who intend to remain in the country where the survey took place for the foreseeable future.

Key Findings:

• Among, 5,223 Ukrainian respondents, 84% were women and16% were men.
• 83% of respondents were in private housing whilst 17% were in collective housing.
• 53% of respondents found accommodation without any support, 34% used support from family and friends, 6% from NGOs, 4% from governments, 2% from IOM and 1% from their employers.
• In terms of funding accommodation, 33% of respondents’ housing was subsidised whilst 67% were in self-paid housing.
• 15% consider a lack of long-term housing as a barrier to inclusion.

^1. In Q1 2024, IOM Czechia focused their data collection efforts on gaining insight into the needs and intentions of refugees from Ukraine above the age of 60 years old. This also includes information on housing. Given the limited scope of their survey sample, Czechia is not included in this report. For information on the housing situation of older refugees in Czechia, see Czechia — Older Refugees from Ukraine: Assessing and supporting their needs (February - March 2024).
^2. IOM Poland launched its Integration Survey in March 2023 to assess the progress and needs relating to the economic and social integration of refugees from Ukraine in Poland, including their housing needs and conditions. The relevant variables have been taken from IOM Poland’s Integration Survey for the purpose of this analysis.
^3. In Slovakia, in collaboration with the DTM team at the Regional Office in Vienna and the Integration and Migrant Training Unit (IMT/LHM at IOM HQ), IOM piloted the Migrant Integration and Needs Assessment Survey (MINAS) in 2024. The relevant variables have been taken from the MINAS survey for the purpose of this analysis

IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix is a comprehensive system to analyse and disseminate information to better understand the movements and needs of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Burundi. The baseline assessment aims at providing information on the stock (presence) by colline of IDPs which are categorized into two groups: Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) including IDPs who returned to their colline of origin but not their home and returnees who became IDPs. The baseline assessment also collects information on the cause of displacement and the type of shelter hosting IDPs. Data collection is conducted four times per year by trained Burundian Red Cross volunteers operating at all administrative levels: provinces, communes and collines.

La Matrice de Suivi des Déplacements de l’OIM est un système mis en œuvre dans le but de capturer, analyser et disséminer des informations pour mieux comprendre les mouvements et les besoins des personnes déplacées internes (PDI) au Burundi. L'évaluation de base vise à fournir des informations sur la présence des PDI par colline qui sont catégorisés en deux groupes : Personnes déplacées internes (PDI) incluant les PDI retournées dans leur colline d'origine mais pas dans leur maison et les rapatriés devenus PDI. L'évaluation de base recueille également des informations sur la cause du déplacement et le type d'abri accueillant les PDI. La collecte des données est effectuée quatre fois par an par des volontaires formés de la Croix-Rouge du Burundi et opérant à tous les niveaux administratifs : provinces, communes et collines.

As a result of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation in February 2022, more than two million housing units were damaged or destroyed. This economic strain, combined with widespread protracted displacement both inside and outside the country has left millions in need of support to access and afford housing.
 

Utilising data from the IOM General Population Survey (GPS), the report aims to support evidence-based programming, policy-making, advocacy, and further research. The report examines the housing situation across Ukraine, focusing on living conditions, the cost of rent and utilities bills as a proportion of household income, as well as shelter-related mobility factors. Key research questions guiding this analysis include understanding where and for whom cash-for-rent (C4R) programming is most needed. The report also outlines the causes and locations of heightened reliance on shelter-related coping strategies, particularly whether inability to access affordable housing is driving mobility dynamics and influencing intentions. Future thematic reports will explore how these shelter-related coping strategies may exacerbate vulnerability and displacement dynamics in winter months.