Internal displacement

Overview

IOM DTM Sudan presents its sixth Monthly Displacement Overview. This publication provides an account of Sudan’s displacement context since 15 April 2023 – outlining population mobility and displacement, as well the present and evolving needs of IDPs across Sudan.

Rationale

Recognizing the need for more detailed insights into the IDP situation, including the priority needs, access to services, movement intentions, and demographic breakdowns of the affected population, DTM Sudan has undertaken a comprehensive review of our data collection tool. In collaboration with a wide range of internal and external stakeholders, we have developed a new tool to better inform humanitarian response operations, aligning with the DTM global methodology. Leveraging our extensive network of approximately 367 field-based enumerators and a robust system of over 3,266 key informants across the country, DTM gathered data on IDPs across 6,845 locations, in 179 of Sudan’s 189 localities, across all of Sudan’s 18 states, during February 2024. 

Key Findings

• DTM Sudan estimates that 6,326,416 individuals (1,261,060) households) have been recently internally displaced.
• IOM DTM also reports that an estimated 1,884,909 mixed cross-border movements have been made into neighbouring countries.
• Since 15 April 2023, 46 per cent of the IDP caseload sought refuge in the Darfur and Kordofan regions, whereas 53 per cent were observed across the Northern, Eastern, and Central states.
• The majority of the IDP caseload (66%) were seeking shelter with the host community.
• While food remains the highest priority need, health and non-food items are also growing concerns.

Between 22 December 2023 to 27 February 2024, sporadic attacks and fear of attacks by Non-state Armed Groups in Macomia, Chiure, Mecufi, Mocimboa da Praia, and Muidumbe triggered the cumulative displacement 81,721 individuals/17,591 families. [For more see Emergency Tracking Online Dashboard]. The current Movement Alert #102 reports on recent attacks recorded in Chiure, Macomia, and Mecufi between 8 to 27 February that displaced 68,156 individuals.

• Depuis le début des affrontements au Soudan, presque 700 000 personnes ont traversé la frontière vers le Tchad. L’OIM estime que plus de 144 015 parmi eux sont des retournés tchadiens et s’attend à ce que ce nombre passe à 150 000 d’ici fin mars 2024, en raison de la reprise du conflit au Darfour.

• En tant qu'agence principale pour la réponse aux retournés, l'OIM collabore avec un éventail de partenaires opérationnels, notamment le gouvernement du Tchad, le HCR, OCHA, la FLM, PUI, l'UNICEF, MSF, l'UNFPA, LMI, le CICR, l'IRC, ACTED, la Croix-Rouge tchadienne, HELP-Tchad, ATURAD, Concern Worldwide, COOPI, INTERSOS et PAM.

• En coordination avec la CNARR et les organisations humanitaires, l'OIM a déjà enregistré plus de 101 347 retournes et 356 ressortissants de pays tiers (Soudan du Sud, Niger, Éthiopie, République centrafricaine, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Nigéria et Ouganda) dans 47 localités de trois provinces.

• La plupart des retournés sont installés spontanément près de la frontière avec le Soudan et ont un besoin urgent de nourriture, d’eau, d’assainissement et d’hygiène, d’abris, d’articles non alimentaires, de soutien sanitaire et de protection.

• L’OIM soutient la relocalisation des retournés d’Adre vers la communauté de retournés nouvellement développée de Tongori, dans la province du Ouaddaï, où elle leur offre des abris, une assistance WASH, NFI et une assistance en matière de protection/MHPSS. Près de 10 000 personnes ont jusqu’à présent été relocalisées. L'OIM développe également le site de Deguessa, dans la province de Sila, avec une assistance en matière d'abris, de WASH et de protection/MHPSS au profit de plus de 25 000 retournés.

• L'OIM se coordonne avec les autorités locales et les représentations diplomatiques pour le retour volontaire dans leur pays d'origine des ressortissants de pays comme l'Éthiopie, le Soudan du Sud, le Nigéria, le Niger et le Cameroun, vivant auparavant au Soudan et déplacés vers l'est du Tchad.

• Nearly 700,000 people have crossed into Chad since the onset of the crisis in Sudan. IOM estimates that more than 144,015 among them are Chadian returnees and expects this number to rise to 150,000 by the end of March 2024, due to ongoing conflict in Darfur.

• IOM, as the lead agency for the returnee response, collaborates with a range of operational partners including the Government of Chad, UNHCR, OCHA, LWF, PUI, UNICEF, MSF, UNFPA, LMI, ICRC, IRC, ACTED, the Chadian Red Cross, HELP-Tchad, ATURAD, Concern Worldwide, COOPI, INTERSOS, and WFP.

• In coordination with CNARR and humanitarian organizations, IOM has registered 101,347 returnees and identified 356 third-country nationals (from South Sudan, Niger, Ethiopia, the Central African Republic, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and Uganda) in 47 localities in three provinces.

• Most of the returnees currently live in spontaneous locations near the border and are in urgent need of food, water, sanitation and hygiene, shelter, household items, health, and protection.

• IOM is relocating returnees from Adre to the newly developed returnee community of Tongori, Ouaddaï province, where it offers them shelters, WASH, NFI, and Protection/MHPSS assistance. Over 11,000 individuals have so far been relocated. IOM is also developing the site of Deguessa, Sila province, with shelter, WASH, and Protection/MHPSS assistance for the benefit of over 25,000 returnees.

• IOM is coordinating with local authorities and diplomatic representations for the voluntary return to their home countries of third-country nationals (TCNs) from countries including Ethiopia, South Sudan, Nigeria, Niger, and Cameroon previously living in Sudan and displaced to eastern Chad.

Since October 8 there has been an increase in cross-border incidents between Israel and Lebanon, resulting in the displacement of people both within the South and elsewhere within the country. Since October 10, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has been conducting the daily monitoring of population movements. The objective of the exercise is to inform preparedness and response planning.

Between August and September 2023, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Data and Research Unit (DRU), through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) methodology, deployed the Site Assessment (SA) and Village Assessment Survey (VAS) tools to assess the mobility, needs and vulnerabilities of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and returning IDPs across Ethiopia. This snapshot report will present key findings on needs and vulnerabilities, in particular those related to Cash and Voucher (CVA) assistance.

It is recommended to utilize cash and mixed modality (cash + in-kind) responses for these population groups if feasible. The finding that 80.5% of sites and 75.7% of villages mentioned a preference towards cash, whether by itself or mixed with in-kind/baskets, aligns with Ethiopia Cash Working Group (CWG) recommendations based on joint CVA feasibility assessments.

La région de Diffa, située dans le bassin du lac Tchad, fait face à une crise humanitaire grave en raison du conflit en cours et des attaques de groupes armés non étatique (GANE) non étatique. Cette situation a provoqué d'importants déplacements de populations et une détérioration des conditions de vie. Les déplacés internes, les réfugiés et les communautés d'accueil sont confrontés à des défis majeurs tels que l'accès restreint à l'eau potable, à la nourriture, aux soins de santé et à l'éducation. Les organisations humanitaires s'efforcent activement de répondre à ces besoins urgents en fournissant une aide vitale, en soutenant les infrastructures locales et en protégeant les droits des personnes touchées. Cependant, la situation demeure préoccupante et nécessite une attention continue ainsi que des ressources supplémentaires pour atténuer les souffrances et trouver des solutions durables.

Afin de trouver des solutions durables aux déplacements internes et de prévenir de nouveaux déplacements dans la région, il est crucial de comprendre les niveaux de stabilité dans les zones accueillant les populations déplacées. L'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) a introduit l’indice de solution et de mobilité (ISM) en 2019 pour évaluer la stabilité des zones accueillant les rapatriés ou les populations déplacées dans le bassin du lac Tchad (BLC). Cet indice vise à identifier les facteurs qui influent sur la stabilité d'un lieu afin de déterminer les interventions prioritaires pour la transition et le rétablissement, renforçant ainsi la résilience et la stabilité dans une région marquée par les conflits et les déplacements. L’ISM mesure les perceptions de stabilité et analyse les facteurs influençant les décisions des populations de rester ou de se déplacer. Il fournit un outil permettant aux autorités et aux partenaires de développer des stratégies plus efficaces, de prioriser les ressources et de planifier les interventions dans les zones fragiles et instables, en intégrant des approches humanitaires, de relèvement et de stabilisation. Ce rapport présente les résultats du cinquième cycle de collecte de données de l’ISM, réalisé entre le 18 novembre et le 8 décembre 2023 dans la région de Diffa, au Niger.

Within the West and Central Africa (WCA) region, the Sahel stretches from Mauritania to Chad, separating the Sahara desert on the North, from tropical coastal countries to the South. Overall, within the African continent, it spans from the Atlantic Ocean on the West to the Red Sea on the East, separating the desert from the savanna. Migratory routes within the WCA region inevitably cross the Sahel and - throughout their journeys - migrants are facing multiple risks along these routes.

This report compiles information from different data and research activities held within the region in the objective to highlight the diverse dynamics, profiles and risks migrants are facing while travelling on the WCA routes through the Sahel. This dashboard covers the period until December 2023 and is based on information from (1) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) data on mobility trends and population flows; (2) Missing Migrants Project (MMP) data on arrivals to Europe and the Canary Islands, migrant deaths and disappearances; (3) Data on migrants seeking Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) to and within the WCA region; (4) Expulsions of migrants from other regions to WCA, especially from Algeria and Libya; (5) Transhumance Tracking Tool (TTT) data on the mobility of transhumant populations throughout the Sahel; and (6) Solutions and Mobility Index (SMI) indicators of stability within the Sahelian region.

Key Findings:

• Among respondents, 63 per cent are active (employed or unemployed), and 37 per cent are inactive (student status, parental leave, retirement, unemployment and not looking for a job).
• Within active population, 62 per cent are employed and 38 are unemployed.
• Employment rate is higher (64%) among those who speak Hungarian fluently.
• Women with children experience lower employment rates: 52 per cent are employed with at least one infant (0-4 years-old) and 57 per cent are employed with at least one child (5-17 years-old).
• 58 per cent of women in single-headed households are employed.
• Top reasons for unemployment and not looking for a job*: family duty (51%), medical conditions (21%), no need for job (14%). (*more than one answer possible)
• Satisfaction with job and skills matching is higher among men (67%) than women (41%)
• Top employment aspirations: professional roles (36%), roles in services and sales (15%), and managerial roles (13%).
• Employment support is ranked among the top 5 needs*: 26 per cent of respondents are in need of employment support. (*more than one answer possible)