Internal displacement

The Central African Republic (CAR), which has experienced continuous volatility for the past two decades, has been riddled by a crisis which ignited in 2012 with a violent takeover of power and has developed into a complex protracted state of permanent insecurity and fragility which has spilled over into neighbouring countries. The crisis is characterized by power struggles amongst elites, the absence of state institutions and public investment, religious and ethnic tensions and disputes for the control of key resources. Moreover, the crisis in Sudan, which started in April 2023, is affecting the eastern part of the CAR witnessing arrivals of displaced populations.

As of August 2024, 4,039,349 individuals were affected, including 467,006 internally displaced persons (12% of the displaced population), 2,256,970 returnees former IDPs (56%), 531,919 returnees from abroad (13%) and 783,394 refugees (19%). In the CAR, the largest displaced population consists of former IDP returnees. Refugees from the CAR are primarily hosted by Cameroon (346,061 individuals, or 47% of the refugees), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (208,276 individuals, or 28% of the refugees) and Chad (138,225 individuals, or 19% of the refugees). Nonetheless, 11,008 refugees from the Central African Republic are still living in Sudan (2% of the refugees). The country is also home for refugees from neighbouring countries, hosting a total of 43,017 refugees coming from Sudan (29,043 individuals), the DRC (6,448 individuals), Chad (4,701 individuals) and South Soudan (2,825 individuals).

Since January to February 2024, several security incidents have occurred in the Lake province, affecting the subprefectures of Liwa, Bol, Bagasola, Kangalom, Ngouboua and Kaiga-Kindjiria, and resulting in population displacements. A total of 4,522 households (20,674 individuals) were affected by displacement between January and February 2024.. The large majority (77%) of affected persons during this period were members of local communities before displacement. Armed attacks were the main reason for displacement in 93 per cent of localities. In addition, 62 per cent of the displaced population came from the localities situated in Bol sub-prefecture (see table on page 2). The main needs of most displaced persons in the assessed localities are food (44%), shelter (34%) and non-food items (22%).

Since the beginning of 2024, several security incidents have occurred in the Lac province, resulting in population displacements. In May 2024, 422 households (1,526 individuals) were affected. All of the affected persons were members of the local communities before this new displacement. The main reason for their displacement was armed attacks (100%). In addition, all these persons left the Kaiga-Kindjiria sub-prefecture and sought refuge in the Daboua sub-prefecture. The main needs for the majority of displaced populations are food (33%), cash (33%), shelter (25%) and water (9%)

Overview
The Sudan Mobility Overview provides an in-depth analysis of displacement and mobility in Sudan between 01 July and 27 August 2024. This bi-monthly report summarizes displacement pathways, movement intentions, and humanitarian needs and access to services among IDPs in Sudan. 

DTM Sudan relies on a network of 492 enumerators and 7,217 key informants to collect data from 8,898 locations across all 18 states in Sudan.

Displacement Figures 

• DTM Sudan estimates that 10,834,382 individuals (2,186,855 households) are currently displaced in Sudan, as of 27 August 2024.
• An estimated 8,066,827 individuals were displaced since 15 April 2023. 
• An estimated 2,344,904 individuals crossed borders into neighbouring countries since 15 April 2023. 
• 28% of IDPs who were initially displaced prior to the onset of conflict on 15 April 2023 were displaced again after 15 April 2023. 
• 52% of IDPs were children under the age of 18-years-old. 

Highlights

• Over 20 per cent of the population in Sudan was displaced since 15 April 2023.
• An estimated 90 per cent of IDP households could reportedly not afford food.
• Nearly all IDPs (97%) were in localities with high levels of acute food insecurity or worse (IPC level 3+).
• An estimated 172,520 individuals were displaced due to floods between July and August 2024. Approximately 41 per cent were already displaced due to conflict prior to the onset of floods.
• IDPs were displaced from all 18 states in Sudan: over a third (34%) were displaced from Khartoum state.
• Sudan represents the largest displacement crisis in the world: Sudan hosts approximately 14 per cent of all IDPs worldwide, and approximately 1 in 7 IDPs is Sudanese.

This latest round of Emergency Trends Tracking was initiated in April 2024 to monitor displacements movements during the Gu rainy season. Districts covered in this round include Afgooye, Afmadow, Baardheere, Baidoa, Balcad, Belet Weyne, Belet Xaawo, Cabudwaaq, Dayniile, Dhuusamarreeb, Doolow, Gaalkacyo, Garoowe, Hodan, Jamaame, Jowhar, Kahda, Kismaayo, and Luuq. ETT is a crisis-based tool that tracks sudden displacement triggered by specific events or emerging crises.

The objective of ETT is to help prioritize humanitarian response and to enable partners to deliver rapid assistance. Based on previous shock induced displacement patterns, the humanitarian community expects that people will continue to move toward urban areas in search of humanitarian services. Consequently, the ETT coverage focuses on the main urban centers and surrounding villages for each assessed district. The data is collected through Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) at the location level, from Sunday to Wednesday every week. It includes information on new arrivals, numbers and demographic of IDPs, reasons for displacement, intentions, humanitarian assistance and priority needs among others.

To facilitate the joint analysis of the CCCM (Camp Coordination and Camp Management) Cluster’s New Arrivals Tracker (NAT) and ETT data, the assistance and needs indicators are identical in both tools.

IOM Yemen DTM’s Rapid Displacement Tracking (RDT) tool collects data on estimated numbers of households forced to flee on a daily basis from their locations of origin or displacement, allowing for regular reporting of new displacements in terms of estimated numbers, geography, and needs. It also tracks returnees who returned to their location of origin.

From 1 January to 7 September 2024, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 2,361 households (HH) (14,166 Individuals) who experienced displacement at least once.

Between 1 and 7 September 2024, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 26 households (156 individuals) displaced at least once. The majority of people moved into/within the following governorates and districts:

• Ma’rib (24 HHs) – Ma’rib (13 HHs), Ma’rib City (6 HHs), Harib (5 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Al Hodeidah and Ma’rib.
• Al Hodeidah (1 HH) – Hays (1 HH) district. All displacements in the governorate were internal.
• Ta’iz (1 HH) – Salah (1 HH) district. All displacements in the governorate were internal.

The majority of people moved from the following governorates and districts:

• Al Hodeidah (9 HHs) – Bajil (3 HHs), Az Zaydiah (2 HHs), Al Hali (2 HHs) districts.
• Ma’rib (3 HHs) – Harib (3 HHs) district.
• Ibb (3 HHs) – As Sabrah (1 HH), Hazm Al Odayn (1 HH), Al Makhadir (1 HH) districts.

IOM identified 2 additional households displaced in the previous reporting period, which covered 25 - 31 August 2024, in the governorate of Al Hodeidah (16 HHs). These figures have been added to the cumulative displacement total recorded since the beginning of the year.

As of the end of August 2024, 137,430 individuals (31,025 households) are biometrically registered as active resident in the site, representing two per cent increase in registered individuals since January 2024 following the latest biometric registration maintenance in Bentiu IDP Camp.

An estimated 910,000 people have crossed into Chad since the onset of the crisis in Sudan, of which 213,339 are Chadian returnees as of
end of July 2023. IOM expects this number to rise to 240,000 through to December 2024. This is due to ongoing conflict and food insecurity in Darfur, owing to the current suspension of the humanitarian corridor between Chad and Darfur.