Internal displacement

La province du Nord-Kivu, est confrontée à un conflit persistant caractérisé par la présence de divers acteurs armés tels que le groupe Mouvement du 23 mars (M23/AFC) les Forces armées de la République démocratique du Congo (FARDC) et leurs allies. La persistance de ce conflit, l'expansion de la zone d'influence du groupe M23 et l'activité d'autres groupes armés dans et autour de la ville de Goma (capitale de la province du Nord-Kivu) ont accru les défis sécuritaires et humanitaires.

Les efforts conjoints des acteurs régionaux et internationaux pour trouver une solution pacifique au conflit et faciliter le dialogue entre la RDC et le Rwanda ont abouti à la signature d'un accord de cessez-le-feu le 30 juillet 2024. Malgré ces efforts et le cessez-le-feu qui en a résulté, la période du 15 août au 30 septembre 2024 a été marquée par des affrontements impliquant le groupe M23, les forces liées au gouvernement congolais et d'autres groupes armés dans l'ensemble des territoires de Masisi, Rutshuru et Nyiragongo.

Les deux parties se sont fréquemment accusées mutuellement de violations du cessez-le-feu, ce qui a provoqué de nouveaux déplacements, des déplacements secondaires et de nouveaux déplacements de populations déjà rentrées chez elles. La situation est aggravée par les oppositions entre les différents groupes armés qui luttent pour le contrôle des localités face à l'expansion du M23.

Les déplacements prolongés et l'accès limité à l’assistance humanitaire continuent d'exacerber la complexité de la crise et la situation des populations déplacées et retournées. Goma et les zones adjacentes du Nord et du Sud-Kivu accueillent un grand nombre de personnes déplacées et manquent de ressources pour leur apporter un soutien suffisant.

Depuis le début de la crise, l'OIM, par le biais de la Matrice de Suivi des Déplacements (DTM), a continué à mener des évaluations rapides dans les territoires touchés, y compris le suivi des situations d'urgence (EET/ERM) et des analyses de crise, et enregistrer les nouveaux arrivants, dans le but de répondre aux besoins d'information immédiats concernant la dynamique des déplacements et les besoins humanitaires afférents.

Ce rapport présente les résultats des évaluations menées dans les zones de déplacement et de retour, entre le 30 juillet et le 9 octobre 2024, liées à la crise M23.

The province of North Kivu faces ongoing conflict characterised by the presence of various armed actors, notably the Mouvement du 23 mars (M23), the Congo River Alliance (AFC), the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (FARDC) and the regional forces of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The persistence of this conflict, the expansion of the M23’s area of influence, and the activity of other armed groups in and around the city of Goma (the capital of North Kivu province), have increased security and humanitarian challenges.

Joint efforts by regional and international players to find a peaceful resolution to the conflict and facilitate a dialogue between the DRC and Rwanda led to the signing of a ceasefire agreement on 30 July 2024. In spite of these efforts, and resulting ceasefire, the period from 15 August to 30 September 2024 was marked by attacks and clashes involving M23, government forces, and other armed groups throughout Masisi, Rutshuru and Nyiragongo territories. There have been frequent accusations by both sides accusing the other of ceasefire violations, which have provoked new displacement, secondary displacement, and the displacement of previously returned populations. The situation is aggravated by rivalries between the various armed groups fighting for control of localities against M23 expansion.

Prolonged displacement and limited access to humanitarian aid continue to exacerbate the complexity of the crisis and the situations of both displaced and returnee populations. Goma and the adjacent cities to both North and South Kivu are hosting large numbers of displaced people and lack the resources to provide them with sufficient support.

Since the beginning of the crisis, IOM, via the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), has continued to conduct rapid assessments in affected territories, including emergency monitoring (EET/ERM), crisis analysis, and registration, with the purpose of addressing immediate information needs surrounding displacement dynamics and humanitarian aid.

This report presents the results of the assessments carried out in the areas of displacement and return, between 30 July and 9 October 2024, linked to the ongoing M23 crisis.

Cantons: Alajuela, Cartago, Corredores, Desamparados, Escazú, Heredia, Los Chiles, San Carlos, San José, Santa Ana, and Tibás.

Costa Rica, like other Central American countries, continues to be a key migratory corridor for the flow of people on the move across the Americas. This flow mainly consists of individuals from the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, as well as other countries in South America, Africa, and Asia. According to estimates by IOM Costa Rica, approximately 25,964 people entered the country in September 2024, with an average of 865 people per day. This represents a significant 57% increase compared to August 2024. Although the total number of people transiting through Costa Rica has increased, the data reflect a notable difference in the conditions of those stranded in public sites versus those in shelters. In September 2024, migrants stranded in public spaces increased by 28% (from 870 in August to 1,115 in September), while people in shelters experienced a 37% increase (from 260 in August to 357 in September). Shelters still have the capacity to accommodate more people, but many migrants prefer to continue their journey northward and remain in public spaces. This shift highlights the complex dynamics of migration.

Cantons: La Cruz, Upala and Los Chiles

The migratory movements of Nicaraguan people to Costa Rica are a constant trend in Central America, intensified by political, economic, and social factors.

Between January and September 2024, there were 414,123 regular movements of people of Nicaraguan nationality (52% entries, 48% exits). In the same period in 2023, 380,315 regular movements were recorded (53% entries and 47% exits), representing a nine percent increase in 2024 compared to 2023. On the other hand, through unofficial border points, 68,320 migration movements were recorded from May 15, 2024, to September 30, with 52% being exits and 48% entries.

Additionally, 379 Nicaraguan individuals were surveyed (191 at official border points and 188 at unofficial border crossings), along with 291 companions (126 at official border points and 165 at unofficial border crossings).

Understanding the border dynamics of those who transit it is essential in comprehending the needs of the migrant population and formulating proposals for their assistance. In the face of these challenges, it is essential to have updated information on the sociodemographic profile, reasons for migration, needs, and the dynamics of the migratory movements of Nicaraguan people on the northern border of Costa Rica.

This latest round of Emergency Trends Tracking was initiated in April 2024 to monitor displacements movements during the Gu rainy season. From April to September 2024, DTM teams collected data in up to 22 districts: Afgooye, Afmadow, Baardheere, Baidoa, Balcad, Belet Weyne, Belet Xaawo, Cabudwaaq, Dayniile, Dhuusamarreeb, Doolow, Gaalkacyo, Garoowe, Hodan, Jamaame, Jowhar, Kahda, Kismaayo, Luuq, Waajid, Xudur and Hobyo. During week 28, data collection occurred in only 4 districts: Huddur, Wajid, Galckayo and Hobyo districts.

The objective of ETT is to help prioritize humanitarian response and to enable partners to deliver rapid assistance. Based on previous shock induced displacement patterns, the humanitarian community expects that people will continue to move toward urban areas in search of humanitarian services. Consequently, the ETT coverage focuses on the main urban centers and surrounding villages for each assessed district. The data is collected through Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) at the location level, from Sunday to Wednesday every week. It includes information on new arrivals, numbers and demographic of IDPs, reasons for displacement, intentions, humanitarian assistance and priority needs among others.

To facilitate the joint analysis of the CCCM (Camp Coordination and Camp Management) Cluster’s New Arrivals Tracker (NAT) and ETT data, the assistance and needs indicators are identical in both tools.

This report reflects data corresponding to Sudan Mobility Update (9) dataset. The dataset is available here. 

Overview:  
This report provides an overview of the total population of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sudan, including those displaced both before and after the onset of the conflict on 15 April 2023.    
 
Key Findings:  

• An estimated total of 10,916,305 IDPs were displaced to 9,269 locations, in 183 localities, across all 18 states in Sudan.  
• An estimated 8,166,421 individuals were displaced internally within Sudan since 15 April 2023. 
• An estimated 28 per cent of IDPs who were initially displaced prior to the onset of the current conflict experienced secondary displacement since 15 April 2023.   
• Approximately 3,119,885 individuals crossed borders into neighbouring countries since 15 April 2023.   
• The top states of origin were Khartoum (33%), South Darfur (19%), and North Darfur (14%).   
• The highest proportion of IDPs were hosted in South Darfur (17%), North Darfur (14%), and Gedaref (9%) states. 
• Over half (52%) of IDPs were reportedly children under the age of 18-years-old.   

Annex 1 includes an operational matrix with a table of estimated IDPs per state, disaggregated by displacement before versus after 15 April 2023.   

Note: The number of IDPs displaced post 15 April 2023 (8,166,421 IDPs) includes the estimated 1,070,888 IDPs who were initially displaced prior to 15 April 2023 and experienced secondary displacement since 15 April 2023. DTM Sudan defines an internally displaced person as any person who has been forced or obliged to flee from their habitual residence due to an event dating from 2003 onwards. 

Since October 8 there has been an increase in cross-border incidents between Israel and Lebanon, resulting in the displacement of people both within the South and elsewhere within the country. Since October 10, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has been conducting the daily monitoring of population movements. The objective of the exercise is to inform preparedness and response planning.