Return Intention

Since 24 February 2022, refugees from Ukraine and Third Country Nationals (TCNs) have been fleeing to neighbouring countries as a result of the war. As of May 2023, more than eight million refugees from Ukraine were recorded across Europe. At the same time, almost 13 million of border crossings of border crossings of Ukrainian and Third-Country refugees and migrants were reported from Ukraine into the neighbouring countries since February 2022. IOM has deployed its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) tool in mid-April 2022 to collect individual surveys in neighbouring countries with persons crossing into Ukraine, with the aim to improve the understanding of main profiles, displacement patterns, intentions and needs of those moving into Ukraine. This report is based on surveys collected in Slovakia between 15 February and 31 March 2023 in various locations, in Bratislava, Kosice and Presov regions., as well as in various settings, including transit points (e.g., train and bus stations) and border crossing points in Vysne Nemecke and Ubla

Since 24 February 2022, refugees from Ukraine and Third Country Nationals (TCNs) have been fleeing to neighbouring countries as a result of the war. As of May 2023, more than eight million refugees from Ukraine were recorded across Europe. At the same time, almost 13 million of border crossings of border crossings of Ukrainian and Third-Country refugees and migrants were reported from Ukraine into the neighbouring countries since February 2022.
IOM has deployed its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) tools since mid-April 2022 to collect individual surveys in neighbouring countries with persons crossing into Ukraine, with the aim to improve the understanding of main profiles, displacement patterns, intentions and needs of those moving into Ukraine.
This report is based on surveys collected in the Republic of Moldova between 06 December 2022 and 31 March 2023 in two border crossing points, Otaci and Palanca. To improve the quality of the questionnaire, on February 16, 2023, additional questions related to the average time since initial displacement and to the assistance received while in the Republic of Moldova were included.

The development and implementation of policies and programmes in West and Central Africa promoting safe, orderly and humane migration require a better understanding of human mobility in the region.​

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Human mobility in the region take many different forms. Transhumance, seasonal migration conducted during the harvesting season, travel during religious festivities, tourism, economic migration to North Africa and Europe, the search for employment in the mining industry, forced displacements due to conflict, natural disasters or climate-related migration, rural exodus, are all examples of movements observes in West and Central Africa and show the many faceted nature of mobility in the region.​

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This document is an attempt to provide a dynamic and regularly updated portrait of mobility within, from and to West and Central Africa regionon for Migration (IOM), the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). ​

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The maps contained in this document are not only meant to inform on ongoing mobility patterns, but also provide information to support direct programming (protection of migrants, management of transhumance flows, support to safe returns of displaced people) and policy.​

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In December 2022, MTM conducted the first round of its Baseline Mobility Assessment in Kazakhstan to track mobility, provide information on population estimates, locations and geographic distribution of migrant workers and returnee migrants, reasons for migration, countries of origin and periods of migration. MTM enables IOM and its partners to maximize resources, set priorities, and deliver better-targeted, evidence-based, mobility-sensitive and sustainable humanitarian assistance and development programming. For more information about MTM Kazakhstan please visit https://dtm.iom.int/kazakhstan.

Since 24 February 2022, an increasing number of refugees and Third-Country Nationals (TCNs) entering Slovakia has been registered due to the war in Ukraine. As of 31 December 2022, Slovak authorities reported 1,090,124 arrivals from Ukraine out of whom 1,004,197 were Ukrainian refugees, 17,437 TCNs and the remaining 68,490 persons were EU nationals. According to the Border Police authorities, 875,589 people have crossed the border from Slovakia to Ukraine between 24 February and 31 December 2022, out of whom 91 per cent were Ukrainian nationals, eight per cent were EU nationals and less than one per cent were TCNs. 

This factsheet is based on a Crossings Back to Ukraine survey addressing people crossing to Ukraine from Slovakia launched by IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) since 19 April 2022. The interviews were conducted face-to-face by trained enumerators.

The 2022 FACTSHEET presents an annual analysis based on 675 surveys collected until 15 December 2022.

Оцінка умов повернення – це багатогалузева оцінка на місцевому рівні (МБОМ), яку проводять за участю ключових інформантів місцевої влади на рівні населеного пункту або району міста в місцях повернення по всій Україні. Збір даних для першого раунду відбувався з 1 січня по 28 лютого 2023 року в 15 громадах шести областей. Для інформування цільових інтервенцій, спрямованих на зменшення вразливості, що виникає внаслідок недостатніх фізичних і соціальних умов у місцях повернення, Оцінка умов повернення надає детальні дані про те, де відбуваються повернення, місця знаходження найбільш вразливих серед тих, хто повернувся, а також відповідає на питання чому так сталось.

The Conditions of Return Assessment is a multi-sectoral location-level assessment (MSLA) conducted with local authority key informants at the settlement or city-raion level in areas of return across Ukraine. Data collection for Round 1 took place between the 1 January and 28 February 2023 across 15 hromadas in 6 oblasts. To inform targeted interventions aimed at alleviating the vulnerability that stems from poor physical and social conditions in areas of return, the Conditions of Return Assessment provides granular data on where returns are occurring, where those who have returned are most vulnerable and why.

A quantitative and qualitative survey was carried out within four counties in Central Equatoria State: Kajo-Keji, Lainya, Morobo and Yei. These counties were targeted for Reconciliation, Stabilization and Resilience area-based programming. In each of the four counties, areas within the capital city and accessible locations that were experiencing return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) were assessed.

Return and Reintegration Index 

The Return and Reintegration Index combines data (the numerical version of the data) from eight indicators (8 key areas: housing, livelihoods, WASH, health, education, social cohesion, community stability and protection) into a single number that provides an indication of the favourability of conditions (Stability Index) to the return and reintegration of displaced people. The calculation of the index was done at the household level.

The index score ranges from 0 to 10 where the higher the index the more favourable the conditions are for the return and reintegration of IDPs and refugees.

The calculation of the index was done at the household level and the results were aggregated at all administrative levels and by population type.

The average (mean) index score is 6.40 out of 10 and the median index score is 6.75 out of 10.

A median value higher than the mean value shows that data is slightly skewed to the left (negatively skewed), i.e., most of the households have an Index at around 6.75 but the households that have a low Index bring down the average to 6.40.

L’enquête a été réalisée dans 72 sites de déplacement situés a été menée par la matrice de suivi des déplacements dans les préfectures comptant des sites de déplacement en (Displacement Tracking Matrix, DTM) entre le 08 décembre RCA (en dehors de Bangui et Ombella-Mpoko) : Bamingui- 2022 et le 08 janvier 2023 sur les sites hébergeant des Bangoran, Haute-Kotto, Haut-Mbomou, Mbomou, Nana- populations déplacées internes (PDI).