Return Intention

On 26th October 2024, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) conducted a rapid intention survey through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) in collaboration with ACTED, the camp management organization. This survey was conducted in Renk TC and its surrounding areas. The primary objective was to monitor population dynamics and displacement patterns within the center. The insights gained from this survey are intended to enhance humanitarian responses and optimize Onward Transportation Assistance (OTA) operations. According to the headcount conducted by ACTED on October 24, 2024, the TC hosts 13,227 individuals (11,743 South Sudanese returnees and 1,484 individuals of other nationalities).

On 19th October 2024, IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) in collaboration with the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), Danish Refugee Council (DRC), and Humanitarian and Development Consortium (HDC) conducted a rapid intention survey at Malakal TC aimed to track population dynamics and displacement patterns in the center, to better inform humanitarian response and improve OTA operations. According to the headcount conducted, the TC hosts 1,684 individuals (1,632 South Sudanese returnees and 52 Sudanese nationals), showing a decrease of 210 individuals compared to August 2024.

MTM implements the International Migrant Workers Survey in Kazakhstan with international migrant workers in various locations including seven regions and three cities. The selection of survey locations was informed by the findings of IOM’s Baseline Mobility Assessment (BMA) on international migrant workers. The survey questionnaire drew upon IOM's previous studies in Central Asia and consultations with both internal and external experts. It covered a range of topics including socio-economic profiles, migration experiences, employment status, remittances, as well as identifying needs and vulnerabilities.

In the fourth round (April - May 2024) of the international migrant workers survey, 1,845 international migrant workers were interviewed. Key findings reveal that 33 per cent of respondents had attained only a lower secondary education, and nearly half identified themselves as the primary breadwinners for their families. A notable 40 per cent reported not receiving pension payments, while 73 per cent lacked access to annual leave. Employment insecurity was also evident, with 34 per cent working without formal contracts, and 41 per cent paying rent for their accommodation. For 55 per cent, the high cost of rent was a significant financial strain. The majority, 39 per cent, were employed in the construction sector. While 86 per cent stated they had sufficient resources to cover essential goods, 20 per cent lacked access to health services. Additionally, 44 per cent of respondents sent more than half of their income in remittances to their families, highlighting their role as key financial supporters.

IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) collected data on Ukrainian nationals and TCNs (resided in Ukraine before 24 February 2022) that were crossing back to Ukraine from or through Romania, either temporarily or permanently. The survey focuses on the return intentions, duration of displacement, destinations, assistance, and experiences of discrimination of respondents. A total of 1,098 surveys were collected between April and June 2024. Among these, less than one per cent (n=5) were completed by TCNs, while the vast majority, comprising over 99 per cent (n=1,093), were completed by Ukrainian nationals. The analysis presented in this report is based on the responses provided by Ukrainian nationals.

The travel intentions of the surveyed Ukrainian nationals show that most respondents (57%) were “short-term visitors”, while 28% per-cent were prospective returnees. Another 15 per cent were not sure regarding their visit period. Also, most UA citizens were travelling back to their oblast of origin (87%).

DTM implements the Baseline Mobility Assessment (BMA) in Kazakhstan to track mobility, provide information on population estimates, geographic distribution of migrant workers, return migrants, and emigrants, reasons for migration and countries of origin, return, and destination. Data is collected at the community (micro districts, townships, and villages) level from key informants and direct observations.

The Baseline Mobility Assessment (BMA) was conducted in seven oblasts or provinces (Abay, Almaty, Kostanay, Kyzylorda, Mangystau, North Kazakhstan, and Turkestan), and three major cities of Kazakhstan namely Shymkent city, Almaty city, and Astana city. This assessment covered 1,301 communities through interviews with 1,923 key informants. Based on the key informants' estimates, 598,094 international migrant workers were hosted in the assessed locations in Kazakhstan from 2020 to April 2024. Concurrently, 29,853 internal migrants were hosted in the assessed locations, and 3,224 Kazakh nationals were reported to be residing abroad as international migrants. In addition, 17,317 Kazakh migrants have returned from abroad.

This report presents information on displacement dynamics in Haiti, from surveys conducted from 11 June to 13 August 2024 among 8,911 households from the main categories of populations affected by displacement in the country: internally displaced households in sites, internally displaced households out of sites and communities hosting displaced persons.

The report provides analyses on the relationships between host communities and displaced persons, the impact of IDPs' arrival in host communities, the displacement history of IDPs as well as their return intentions.

The objective of these analyses is to strengthen the understanding of displacement dynamics in Haiti in order to better effectively inform both humanitarian interventions and strategies for durable solutions to internal displacement.

During these surveys, in addition to in-depth data on displacement dynamics, data on the multi-sectoral needs of target populations were also collected. Thematic reports focusing on these needs will be published separately.

• Din 8,421 de respondenți, 92 la sută plănuiau să se întoarcă în aceeași regiune de origine, în timp ce restul de 8 la sută urmăreau să ajungă în alta. Dintre cei care se întorc într-o regiune diferită: orașul Kiev, Vinnytska și Odeska
• 84 la sută dintre respondenți s-au întors în Ucraina de două sau mai multe ori înainte de sondaj.
• 58 la sută au fost deja strămutate între ianuarie și iunie 2022.
• Intențiile respondentului: Vizită pe termen scurt (56%), ședere pe termen lung (27%) și necunoscut (17%).
• Principalele nevoi prioritare care au fost citate de respondenți includ sprijin financiar (34%), servicii medicale și de sănătate (14%) și sprijin pentru siguranța și securitatea personală (13%)
• 52 la sută dintre respondenți au declarat că nu au nevoi imediate.

IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) collects data on Ukrainian nationals and Third-Country Nationals (TCNs) that were crossing back to Ukraine from or through the Republic of Moldova, either for temporary stay or prospective return. The survey focuses on the return intentions, duration of displacement, destinations, assistance, and experiences of unequal treatment of the respondents. A total of 1,783 surveys were collected between April and June 2024.

Key findings:

• 70% of Ukrainian respondents planned to go for a short visit, 18% intended to stay in Ukraine (prospective returnees), while 12% were not sure about their intentions.
• Half of the respondents (49%) had been residing in the Republic of Moldova, 9% in Romania, 6% in Germany. The remaining 36% stayed in other countries.
• 86% were going back to their Oblast of origin, while 14% were going back to a different Oblast.
• 52% had been displaced between January and June 2022.
• 26% crossed back to Ukraine regularly since 2022, most of them (99%) had been residing in the Republic of Moldova.
• Main priority needs that were cited by respondents include financial support (37%), personal safety and security (31%) and long term accommodation (12%). 

IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) collected data on Ukrainian nationals and Third-Country Nationals (TCNs) that crossed back to Ukraine from or through Slovakia, either temporarily or permanently. The survey focuses on the return intentions, duration of displacement, destinations, assistance, and experiences of discrimination of respondents. A total of 1,467 surveys were collected between April and June 2024.

Key findings:

• 30% of Ukrainian respondents intend to stay in Ukraine (prospective returnees), while 64% plan to go for a short visit.
• The share of those intending to return to Ukraine is higher among men than women (42% vs 30%). Women are more likely to be crossing into Ukraine for a short visit than men (64% vs 53%).
• Most of the short-term visitors plan to stay in their own home in Ukraine (86% overall), while others report to be going to their relatives’ homes (6%), finding other private solutions (6%) or staying with friends (2%). The share of those planning to stay with relatives is higher among short-term visitors (20%) than among prospective returnees (3%)
• Reasons for returning for prospective returnees include: visit relatives or close friends (73%), meet with family members (14%), reunite with their family (5%).
• Reasons for returning for short-term visitors include: visit family members (80%), healthcare (32%), help family (20%).
• 64% of the Ukrainian nationals originate from seven regions in Ukraine: Zakarpatska (29%), Kyiv (15%), Kharkivska (7%), Dnipropetrovska (7%), and Lvivska (6%). The remaining 36% of respondents come from another 20 regions across Ukraine.

On 3 May 2023, the Upper Nile State government in collaboration with a task force sub-committee established the Malakal Transit Centre (TC) to coordinate the movements of individuals arriving from Renk due to the conict in Sudan. The TC aims to provide Onward Transportation Assistance (OTA) to individuals who intend to move to other areas within South Sudan. On 10 August 2024, IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) in collaboration with UNHCR, DRC, and HDC onducted a rapid intention survey at Malakal TC aimed at tracking population dynamics and displacement patterns in the center, to better inform humanitarian response and improve on the Onward Transportation Assistance (OTA) operations. According to the headcount conducted on August 10, 2024, the TC hosts 1,498 individuals (1,474 South Sudanese returnees, 19 Sudanese nationals, and 5 other nationals), showing a decrease of 1,521 individuals compared to April 2024.