Mobility Tracking

Compte tenu de la nécessité de disposer d'informations précises et agréées par les autorités, l'OIM, par le biais de la matrice de suivi des déplacements (DTM), a mené des évaluations de suivi de la mobilité (Mobility Tracking - MT en anglais) depuis 2018. Ces exercices sont mis en oeuvre en RDC dans le but de fournir des estimations sur la présence, le nombre de groupes de population affectés (PDI, personnes retournées), les raisons du déplacement, la durée du déplacement et les besoins spécifiques dans des lieux définis. Les données pour l'exercice MT sont collectées sur une base semestrielle par des équipes d'enquêteurs formés, par le biais d'entretiens avec des informateurs clés et d'observations directes au niveau des villages. Au cours de ce processus, l'OIM s'assure de la participation des représentants du gouvernement pendant la collecte des données afin de promouvoir et de renforcer les capacités dans l'éventualité d'un transfert. Les données de l'OIM sont ensuite présentées et validées par la Commission de mouvement de population (CMP) de la province.

Les statistiques synthétiques présentées dans ce rapport sont obtenues à partir du cycle de MT le plus récent pour chaque province, qui s'est déroulé entre mars et mai 2024, afin de produire une vue d'ensemble de la situation du déplacement dans la région de l'est de la RDC. Les chiffres concernant les individus déplacés en raison de la crise du M23 sont extraits de la dernière analyse de la crise du M23.

Dans les quatre provinces de l'Est de la RDC, l'Ituri, le Nord-Kivu, le Sud-Kivu et le Tanganyika, DTM a identifié 5 647 465 personnes déplacées et 3 525 590 personnes retournées, présentes dans 71 pour cent des villages évalués. DTM estime que la plus grande proportion (45%) de personnes déplacées (2 561 136 individus) est installée au Nord-Kivu, suivie par 25 pour cent (1 395 604) en Sud-Kivu, 24 pour cent (1 360 577) au Ituri et 6 pour cent (330,148) au Tanganyika. Les raisons de déplacement les plus fréquemment rapportées par les populations déplacées résidant dans des familles d'accueil sont les attaques de groupes armés (87%), les conflits intercommunautaires (10%) et les catastrophes naturelles (3%). Il est estimé que 2-026 086 personnes ont été déplacées par la crise du M23 au moment de la dernière analyse de crise de la DTM.

IOM DRC - through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) - has been conducting Mobility Tracking (MT) assessments since 2018. These exercises are implemented in the DRC with the aim of providing estimates on presence, number of affected population groups (IDPs, returnees), reasons for displacement, duration of displacement and specific needs within defined locations. Data for the MT exercise is collected on a bi-annual basis by teams of trained enumerators, through key informant interviews and direct observations at a village level. As part of this process, IOM ensures the participation of government representatives during data collection to promote and build capacity in the event of handover. IOM data is then presented to and validated by the provincial Population Movement Commission (Commission de mouvement de population – CMP in French).

The summary statistics presented in this report are drawn from the most recent MT round for each province, which took place between March and May 2024, to produce an overview of the displacement situation in the Eastern DRC region. 

In the four eastern provinces of the DRC, comprising Ituri, North Kivu, South Kivu, and Tanganyika, during this assessment DTM identified 5,647,465 internally displaced people (IDPs) and 3,525,590 returnees, present in 71 per cent of assessed villages. DTM estimates that the highest proportion (45%) of IDPs (2,561,136 individuals) are hosted in North Kivu, followed by 25 per cent (1,395,604) in South Kivu, 24 per cent (1,360,577) in Ituri and 6 per cent (330,148) in Tanganyika. The most frequently reported reasons for displacement among displaced populations living in host families are attacks by armed groups (87%), inter-community conflict (10%) and natural disasters (3%). An estimated 2,026,086 individuals were displaced by the M23 crisis at the time of the most recently produced DTM crisis analysis.

Since October 8 there has been an increase in cross-border incidents between Israel and Lebanon, resulting in the displacement of people both within the South and elsewhere within the country. Since October 10, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has been conducting the daily monitoring of population movements. The objective of the exercise is to inform preparedness and response planning.

As of the end of July 2024, 25,034 individuals (7,090 households) were biometrically registered as active beneficiaries at the site. This marks a two percent increase in registered individuals since January, following the most recent biometric registration update at Juba IDP Camp 3. Recognizing that there have been significant population changes since the last overall biometric registration / verification, IOM DTM conducts occasional population counts to monitor population dynamics and displacement trends. This exercise shows that the actual number of persons currently living in Juba IDP Camp 3 remains lower than the registered total.

As of the end of July 2024, 7,679 individuals (2,124 households) were biometrically registered as active beneficiaries at the site. This marks a two percent increase in registered individuals since January, following the most recent biometric registration update at Juba IDP Camp 1. Recognizing that there have been significant population changes since the last overall biometric registration / verification, IOM DTM conducts occasional population counts to monitor population dynamics and displacement trends. This exercise shows that the actual number of persons currently living in Juba IDP Camp 1 remains lower than the registered total.

South Sudan is currently facing a complex humanitarian crisis characterized by extensive internal displacements. The underlying causes of these displacement dynamics are varied and include communal clashes, land disputes, insecurity, violence, natural disasters, and cross-border movements. Between August 1 and August 15, 2024, a series of events led to the displacement of 357 individuals in Jur River County. Information gathered from key informants indicates that these displacements were predominantly instigated by localized conflicts. As a result of these incidents, there has been a significant increase in urgent humanitarian needs among the affected populations. The displaced individuals have identified non-food items, sanitation facilities, and food as their three most pressing requirements necessitating immediate humanitarian assistance. The situation in South Sudan remains critical as ongoing conflicts continue to exacerbate the humanitarian crisis. Immediate intervention is essential to address the urgent needs of those affected by displacement.

South Sudan is currently facing a complex humanitarian crisis characterized by extensive internal displacement. This situation is driven by a variety of factors, including communal conflicts, land disputes, insecurity, violence, natural disasters, and cross-border movements. Each of these elements contributes to the ongoing instability and vulnerabilities experienced by the population. Between August 1 and August 15, 2024, enumerators from the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) documented significant displacement events affecting a total of 35,427 individuals. The majority of these displacements occurred in Warrap state, where 30,904 individuals were affected. Additionally, Northern Bahr el Ghazal state saw the displacement of 4,121 individuals, while Unity state recorded 402 displaced persons. Key informant interviews revealed that many of these displacements were primarily due to disasters associated with flooding. The consequences of these displacements have led to urgent humanitarian needs among the affected populations. Those who have been displaced have identified their most pressing requirements as food security, health services, and shelter. These priorities highlight the critical need for immediate humanitarian intervention to address the basic survival needs of those impacted by this crisis.

This latest round of Emergency Trends Tracking was initiated in April 2024 to monitor displacements movements during the Gu rainy season. Districts covered in this round include Afgooye, Afmadow, Baardheere, Baidoa, Balcad, Belet Weyne, Belet Xaawo, Cabudwaaq, Dayniile, Dhuusamarreeb, Doolow, Gaalkacyo, Garoowe, Hodan, Jamaame, Jowhar, Kahda, Kismaayo, and Luuq. ETT is a crisis-based tool that tracks sudden displacement triggered by specific events or emerging crises.

The objective of ETT is to help prioritize humanitarian response and to enable partners to deliver rapid assistance. Based on previous shock induced displacement patterns, the humanitarian community expects that people will continue to move toward urban areas in search of humanitarian services. Consequently, the ETT coverage focuses on the main urban centers and surrounding villages for each assessed district. The data is collected through Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) at the location level, from Sunday to Wednesday every week. It includes information on new arrivals, numbers and demographic of IDPs, reasons for displacement, intentions, humanitarian assistance and priority needs among others.

To facilitate the joint analysis of the CCCM (Camp Coordination and Camp Management) Cluster’s New Arrivals Tracker (NAT) and ETT data, the assistance and needs indicators are identical in both tools.

Within the West and Central Africa (WCA) region, the Sahel stretches from Mauritania to Chad, separating the Sahara desert on the North, from tropical coastal countries to the South. Overall, within the African continent, it spans from the Atlantic Ocean on the West to the Red Sea on the East, separating the desert from the savanna. Migratory routes within the WCA region inevitably cross the Sahel and - throughout their journeys - migrants are facing multiple risks along these routes.

This report compiles information from different data and research activities held within the region in the objective to highlight the diverse dynamics, profiles and risks migrants are facing while travelling on the WCA routes through the Sahel. This dashboard covers the period between January and June 2024 and is based on information from (1) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) data on mobility trends and population flows; (2) Missing Migrants Project (MMP) data on arrivals to Europe and the Canary Islands, migrant deaths and disappearances; (3) Data on migrants seeking Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) to and within the WCA region; (4) Expulsions of migrants from other regions to WCA, especially from Algeria and Libya; (5) Transhumance Tracking Tool (TTT) data on the mobility of transhumant populations throughout the Sahel; and (6) Solutions and Mobility Index (SMI) indicators of stability within the Sahelian region.