Flow Monitoring Survey

This report, based on a questionnaire administered through a Kobo toolbox, provides insights into the profiles, experiences, needs, routes travelled and intentions of migrants transiting through Montenegro. Data was collected from 1 January to 31 March 2024. IOM surveyed 319 migrants in Reception Centers Božaj and Spuž, and active transit locations such as bus stops or at key entry and exit locations (Rožaje and Pljevlja) throughout the country.

Between 26 June and 25 July, flow monitoring surveys were conducted with the population in transit through the Temporary Migrant Reception Centre in the province of Darien. A total of 264 travel group representatives were surveyed. These surveys provided information on 461 people accompanying the person surveyed.

Within the West and Central Africa (WCA) region, the Sahel stretches from Mauritania to Chad, separating the Sahara desert on the North, from tropical coastal countries to the South. Overall, within the African continent, it spans from the Atlantic Ocean on the West to the Red Sea on the East, separating the desert from the savanna. Migratory routes within the WCA region inevitably cross the Sahel and - throughout their journeys - migrants are facing multiple risks along these routes.

This report compiles information from different data and research activities held within the region in the objective to highlight the diverse dynamics, profiles and risks migrants are facing while travelling on the WCA routes through the Sahel. This dashboard covers the period between January and June 2024 and is based on information from (1) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) data on mobility trends and population flows; (2) Missing Migrants Project (MMP) data on arrivals to Europe and the Canary Islands, migrant deaths and disappearances; (3) Data on migrants seeking Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) to and within the WCA region; (4) Expulsions of migrants from other regions to WCA, especially from Algeria and Libya; (5) Transhumance Tracking Tool (TTT) data on the mobility of transhumant populations throughout the Sahel; and (6) Solutions and Mobility Index (SMI) indicators of stability within the Sahelian region.

The IOM Afghanistan’s DTM Flow Monitoring activity is designed to provide insights into the mobility patterns at Afghanistan’s border points with the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. The activity involves two interlinked exercises: the Flow Monitoring Counting (FMC), a headcount of individuals crossing the border, and the Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS), which collect data on the profiles and intentions of randomly selected Afghan nationals. DTM FM is operational at four main crossing points (connected to Afghanistan’s National Highway) as well as seven other crossing points with Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. This weekly snapshot combines information from the FM activity and various IOM sources related to cross-border movement. For a detailed explanation of the methodology used in gathering this data, the report directs readers to the section titled “IOM INFLOW DATA” on the last page.

A total of 22,559 movements were observed in June 2024, representing a 8 per cent decrease compared to May 2024, when 24,430 movements were observed during this period. Comparing June 2024 with May 2024, Bossaso (-17%), Lowyacado (-8%), Doolow (-6%), Harirad (-6%), Dhobley (-4%) and Buuhoodle (-2%) FMPs recorded a decrease in movements while Cabudwaaq FMP recorded an increase in movement (+2%).

Doolow (30%), Dhobley (28%), and Cabudwaaq (15%) FMPs recorded the highest numbers of incoming movements, while Doolow (60%), Bossaso (24%) and Dhobley (7%) recorded the highest numbers of outgoing movements for June 2024.

This dashboard compiles flow monitoring survey (FMS) data collected in Yemen between January and March 2024 and provides an analysis of migrants’ demographic and socio-economic profiles, including education and employment backgrounds, reasons for leaving their country of origin or habitual residence, future travel intentions, protection and challenges faced during the journey. Also included are migrants’ labour status prior to moving.

The migration routes in the southern part of Yemen are categorized along two main routes: the south-eastern route towards Shabwah, Hadramawt, and Al Maharah governorates and the north-eastern route towards Lahj and Ta’iz governorates. Both routes are travelled by a large number of migrants each year. The recent actions taken by Yemeni authorities against smugglers along the Lahj coastline represent a significant shift that could reshape migration dynamics in the region moving forward. Through the Flow Monitoring Registry tool, which focuses on total numbers of migrants (as opposed to the more detailed migrant profile established through the FMS).

DTM recorded 5,411 migrants entered Yemen through the south in the first quarter of 2024. This figure represents an increase of 11 per cent compared to the previous quarter.

During the first quarter of 2024, a total of 3,628 surveys were conducted. In Al Maharah (1,186), Lahj (958), Aden (481), Shabwah (404), Ma’rib (381), and Hadramawt (222). The overall number of surveys increased by 25 per cent over the previous quarter. The majority of respondents were young male adults between the age of 17 and 25 (83%) searching for economic opportunities (99%), most of whom were single (91%), attained primary education or less (62%), were currently unemployed (93%) and departed from rural areas (56%).

A total of 22,559 movements were observed in June 2024, representing a 8 per cent decrease compared to May 2024, when 24,430 movements were observed during this period. Comparing June 2024 with May 2024, Bossaso (-17%), Lowyacado (-8%), Doolow (-6%), Harirad (-6%), Dhobley (-4%) and Buuhoodle (-2%) FMPs recorded a decrease in movements while Cabudwaaq FMP recorded an increase in movement (+2%).

Doolow (30%), Dhobley (28%), and Cabudwaaq (15%) FMPs recorded the highest numbers of incoming movements, while Doolow (60%), Bossaso (24%) and Dhobley (7%) recorded the highest numbers of outgoing movements for June 2024.

The IOM Afghanistan’s DTM Flow Monitoring activity is designed to provide insights into the mobility patterns at Afghanistan’s border points with the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. The activity involves two interlinked exercises: the Flow Monitoring Counting (FMC), a headcount of individuals crossing the border, and the Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS), which collect data on the profiles and intentions of randomly selected Afghan nationals. DTM FM is operational at four main crossing points (connected to Afghanistan’s National Highway) as well as seven other crossing points with Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. This weekly snapshot combines information from the FM activity and various IOM sources related to cross-border movement. For a detailed explanation of the methodology used in gathering this data, the report directs readers to the section titled “IOM INFLOW DATA” on the last page.
 

The IOM Afghanistan’s DTM Flow Monitoring activity is designed to provide insights into the mobility patterns at Afghanistan’s border points with the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. The activity involves two interlinked exercises: the Flow Monitoring Counting (FMC), a headcount of individuals crossing the border, and the Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS), which collect data on the profiles and intentions of randomly selected Afghan nationals. DTM FM is operational at four main crossing points (connected to Afghanistan’s National Highway) as well as seven other crossing points with Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan. This weekly snapshot combines information from the FM activity and various IOM sources related to cross-border movement. For a detailed explanation of the methodology used in gathering this data, the report directs readers to the section titled “IOM INFLOW DATA” on the last page.
 

Entre el 26 de junio y el 25 de julio se implementaron encuestas de monitoreo de flujo a la población en tránsito por las ETRM de la provincia de Darién. En total se implementaron encuestas con 251 representantes de grupos de viaje. En estas encuestas se obtuvo información sobre 461 acompañantes de la persona representante entrevistada.