Assessment Report

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024, conducting interviews with a total of 485 individuals in Lithuania. This report explores different aspects of health care integration, focusing on the profiles of adult respondents, specifically those who intend to stay or have already established themselves in the country. The report focuses on their access to health care services and elaborates on their experiences and needs regarding health care during their displacement.

Key findings:

• 82% of respondents have or live with people with chronic diseases or serious medical conditions, while 40% reported living with a person with mobility issues and 17% have or are with someone with hearing difficulties.
• Health related needs reported by the respondents include health care services (34%), medication (19%), and mental and psychosocial support (7%).
• 70% of respondents were registered with a General Practitioner (GP), 29% were not, and 1% were unsure.
• Reasons for not being registered included having no insurance (58%), being refused by a doctor (11%), and language barrier (5%).
• 88% of children were registered with a doctor.
• The most reported barriers to accessing health care were long queues (39%), costs (14%), language barrier (10%), and lack of documents (8%).
• Only 24% of respondents used mental health support services.

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with Refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024. In Lithuania, a total of 485 surveys were collected. This report explores different aspects of the economic integration, employment profiles, and prospects of the adult respondents, specifically those who have an intention to stay or have already established themselves in the country. These individuals, who intend to stay in Lithuania for the foreseeable future, are actively using their skills and resources to fully integrate into the host community. The report offers insights into their involvement in the labour market and detailing their experiences, needs, and intentions concerning employment in Lithuania for the duration of their displacement.

Key findings:

• 70% of respondents were active, while 30% were inactive.
• Within the active population, 63% were employed and 37% were unemployed and looking for a job.
• Among the inactive population, 16% were on parental leave, 49% were retired, 20% were students and 15% were unemployed and not looking for a job.
• The majority of Ukrainian refugees depend on their income (47%) as the main source for daily expenses. However, two-fifths (40%) of respondents rely on familial support, 29% on their savings, 15% on the authorities’ support. 13% still receive welfare benefits from Ukraine.
• 34% did not attend any type of language classes for Lithuanian. However 42% are attending language classes at schools, 9% receive online classes, 8% have classes provided by agencies.
• The majority of respondents have not received any remittances (71%). 29% received 20 to 4,500 euros. Among recipients, 44% stated they have spent from 10 to 2,000 euros, whereas 56 per cent haven’t spent any of their remittances.
• Regarding entrepreneurship, 18% of displaced Ukrainians are interested in opening their own business. 6% already own their own business and 11% are unsure of wanting to. A significant proportion (65%) are not interested in having their own business.
• For the first time, IOM’s DTM questioned respondents regarding workplace exploitation in Lithuania, uncovering that 5% of those surveyed had encountered some degree of labour exploitation.

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with Refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024. In Lithuania, a total of 485 surveys were collected. This report explores different aspects of their social integration, focusing on the profiles of adult respondents, specifically those who intend to stay or have already established themselves in the country. Notably, the report highlights the interactions between Ukrainian refugees and local population in daily life, such as through sharing meals, engaging in conversations, and participating in common groups and activities. It also examines factors related to social integration, such as experiences of discrimination, challenges to inclusion, childcare and school enrollment, migration status, and access to legal support.

Key findings:

• 79% of respondents had conversations with locals via phone, online messaging apps, or text messages in the last four weeks. 20% did not engage in any conversations with locals, and 1% preferred not to answer.
• For over a quarter of respondents (29%), sharing meals with locals was an everyday activity, while another quarter (25%) did so monthly. 17% shared meals weekly, and only 4% did so annually. Almost a quarter (23%) never shared meals with locals, and 2% were unsure.
• 45% of respondents were engaged in hobby-related groups. 31% participated in work-related groups, and 27% were involved in migrant resource and information centers. 17% participated in religious groups, while 7% were involved in social or political cause groups.
• 73% of respondents did not experience unequal treatment, while 26% reported being discriminated against. 1% was unsure.
• 20% of respondents identified unequal treatment as the most significant inclusion challenge in their destination country. Other major challenges included financial issues (15%), housing (14%), homesickness (14%), language (12%), and lack of employment (11%). 36% did not face any inclusion challenges.
• Among respondents with children under five, 83% had enrolled them in childcare institutions, while 17% were planning to do so in the future or faced difficulties finding available places.
• 31% of respondents found it somewhat or very easy to access legal assistance for documentation, eviction, and similar issues. 18% found it somewhat or very difficult, 17% found it neither difficult nor easy, and 34% were unsure.

As of April 2024, DTM identified a total of 1,302,443 internally displaced persons (IDPs) in 219,445 households across Benue, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kogi, Nasarawa, Niger, Plateau, Sokoto, and Zamfara states. The data collection started in March 2024 in 1,733 locations, in the ten states of north-central and north-west Nigeria. The IDP population included IDPs in camps and camp-like settings (287,790 individuals or 22%) and IDPs residing in host communities (1,014,305 individuals or 78%). This signifies an IDP increase of 19 per cent or 210,247 IDPs compared to what it was in December 2023. One of the major reasons for the increase is the addition of Kogi and Niger States in the DTM rounds of assessment in the north-west north-central region of Nigeria.

Hungary — Economic Inclusion of Refugee Women from Ukraine (January - March 2024) delves into the employment profiles and prospects of 137 refugee women from Ukraine who are of working age (18-64 years old). It sheds light on their involvement in the labour market and elaborates on their experiences, needs and aspirations regarding employment in Hungary during their displacement.

Key findings:

• Over half of refugee women from Ukraine in Hungary (58%) were active in the labour market (58%), while 42 per cent were inactive.
• Among active respondents, 58 per cent were employed and 42 per cent were unemployed but looking for employment.
• Employment rates* varied among households: 37 per cent among women with at least one infant (0-4 years old) and 73 per cent with at least one child (5-17 years old).
• Over two-thirds of employed respondents (70%) were satisfied with their employment status, while 21 per cent remained dissatisfied or neutral (9%).
• The most common challenges faced by refugee women included:** lack of contract (9%), long working hours (9%) and being underpaid (4%).
• The most important needs included: financial support (77%), labour market counseling (32%), and business support (7%).
• Only 9 per cent of refugee women from Ukraine were considered financially resilient (employed or self-employed, stayed in private housing, and able to cover an unexpected expense of 100 euros)

* employment rate is only calculated within the active population

**multiple answers possible

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with Refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024. In Estonia, a total of 958 surveys were collected. This report focuses on the economic integration of the respondents, delving deeper into their employment profiles, skills, and prospects for participation in the local labour market. 

Key findings:

• 85% of respondents were active, while 15% were inactive.
• Within the active population, 72% were employed and 28% were unemployed and looking for a job.
• Among the inactive population, 22% were on parental leave, 26% were retired, 27% were students and 14% were unemployed and not looking for a job.
• The majority of Ukrainian refugees depend on their income (62%) as the main source for daily expenses. However, over two-fifths (42%) of respondents rely on the authorities’ support, 33% on familial support and 11% on their savings. 9% still receive welfare benefits from Ukraine.
• 22% did not attend any type of language classes for Estonian. However 46% are attending language classes at schools, over one quarter have classes with migration authorities and 18% receive online classes.
• The majority of respondents have not received any remittances (83%). 17% received 20 to 2,000 euros. Among recipients, 43% stated they have spent from 10 to 2,000 euros, whereas 57 per cent haven’t spent any of their remittances.
• Regarding entrepreneurship, many displaced Ukrainians are inter­ested in opening their own business (29%). 3% already own their own business and 8% are unsure of wanting to. A significant proportion (80%) are not interested in having their own business.
• For the first time, IOM’s DTM questioned respondents regarding workplace exploitation in Estonia, uncovering that 5% of those surveyed had encountered some degree of labour exploitation.

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix collected data through Surveys with refugees in the Ukraine Response region from January to March 2024. In Estonia, a total of 958 surveys were collected. This report focuses on the characteristics, socio-demographic composition, challenges, and needs of the displaced population in Estonia, with a particular emphasis on healthcare and the medical needs of the respondents.

Key findings:

• 67% of those who reported experiencing health-related issues, have or live with people with chronic diseases or serious medical conditions, while 40% reported living with a person with visual impairment and 21% have or are with someone with mobility issues.
• Health related needs reported by the respondents include health care services (31%), mental and psychosocial support (10%), and medication (5%).
• 81% of respondents were registered with a General Practitioner (GP), 19% were not.
• Reasons for not being registered included being refused by a doctor (45%), having no need (18%) and long waiting times (10%).
• 86% of children were registered with a doctor.
• The most reported barriers to accessing health care were long queues (49%), language barrier (17%), costs (11%), and unavailable services (5%).
• Only 18% of respondents used mental health support services.

This report provides insights into the profiles, experiences, needs, routes travelled and intentions of migrants transiting through the Western Balkans. IOM surveyed 1,307 migrants from 1 May to 31 May 2024 in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Kosovo*.

* References to Kosovo* shall be understood in the context of UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999).

This report provides insights into the profiles, experiences, needs, routes travelled and intentions of migrants transiting through Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Data was collected from 1 to 30 May 2024. IOM carried out a route observation exercise in the Republika Srpska, Sarajevo Canton, Posavina Canton, Tuzla Canton, Bosnian- Podrinje Canton and Una Sana Canton to monitor trends in entries and exits as well as transit modalities within BiH. IOM also surveyed 272 migrants in active transit locations such as bus stops or at key entry and exit locations throughout the country as well as in four transit reception centres (TRCs) in BiH (Lipa, Ušivak, Borići and Blažuj).

Following the release of the first edition of PROGRESS 2023 report, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) carried out focus group discussions to understand the nuances of the effects of displacement from the perspectives of individuals who were displaced, had returned or were part of communities which hosted IDPs. The focus group discussions served as a forum to share viewpoints that are not often captured by traditional data collection exercises, including affected communities' perceptions of cultural and gendered effects of displacement in their communities. The discussions were conducted in local languages and translated by IOM DTM staff.

This report presents a deeper country-specific dive into the findings of the qualitative analysis of 25 focus group discussions conducted between 1 and 15 August 2023 mostly in Ma’rib City and Harib with 281 representatives of IDPs, host community, and returnees. Just under one third (32%) of the respondents were female. Seventy-three per cent of respondents were between the age of 18 and 59, 20 per cent were under the age of 17, and 7 per cent were older than 60 years.