Situation Report

Pathways for regular migration are an essential component of Ukraine’s recovery, addressing labour shortages and demographic challenges. The demographic and economic strategies under development by the Government of Ukraine identify the need to attract Ukrainians living abroad back to Ukraine, support women to enter the labour market, and support IDPs to adapt to the labour market demands in their area of displacement.

This brief provides an evidence base for the development of migration policies and interventions, providing data-driven insights on perceptions of - and challenges to - labour immigration among the general population. This brief looks at the experience of Ukrainians with migrants prior to the full-scale invasion, how the general population perceives the arrival of migrant workers in the coming years; and identifies potential barriers to integration or sources of tensions, which require a comprehensive response to facilitate safe migration and social cohesion.

As a result of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation in February 2022, more than two million housing units were damaged or destroyed. This economic strain, combined with widespread protracted displacement both inside and outside the country has left millions in need of support to access and afford housing.
 

Utilising data from the IOM General Population Survey (GPS), the report aims to support evidence-based programming, policy-making, advocacy, and further research. The report examines the housing situation across Ukraine, focusing on living conditions, the cost of rent and utilities bills as a proportion of household income, as well as shelter-related mobility factors. Key research questions guiding this analysis include understanding where and for whom cash-for-rent (C4R) programming is most needed. The report also outlines the causes and locations of heightened reliance on shelter-related coping strategies, particularly whether inability to access affordable housing is driving mobility dynamics and influencing intentions. Future thematic reports will explore how these shelter-related coping strategies may exacerbate vulnerability and displacement dynamics in winter months.

IOM Yemen DTM’s Rapid Displacement Tracking (RDT) tool collects data on estimated numbers of households forced to flee on a daily basis from their locations of origin or displacement, allowing for regular reporting of new displacements in terms of estimated numbers, geography, and needs. It also tracks returnees who returned to their location of origin.

From 1 January to 13 July 2024, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 1,745 households (HH) (10,470 Individuals) who experienced displacement at least once.

Between 7 and 13 July 2024, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 29 households (174 individuals) displaced at least once. The majority of people moved into/within the following governorates and districts:

• Ma’rib (26 HHs) – Ma’rib City (14 HHs), Ma’rib (12 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Al Hodeidah and Ma’rib.
• Al Hodeidah (3 HHs) – Hays (2 HHs), Al Khukhah (1 HH) districts. All displacements in the governorate were internal.

The majority of people moved from the following governorates and districts:

• Al Hodeidah (7 HHs) – Bayt Al Faqih (2 HHs), Al Jarrahi (2 HHs), Al Marawiah (1 HH) districts.
• Ma’rib (4 HHs) – Majzar (2 HHs), Harib (1 HH), Al Jubah (1 HH) districts.
• Dhamar (3 HH) – Al Hada (1 HH), Dawran Anis (1 HH), Wusab Al Aali (1 HH) districts.

IOM identified 28 additional households displaced in the previous reporting period, which covered 30 June - 06 July 2024, in the governorates of Al Hodeidah (15 HHs), Ta’iz (11 HHs), and Ma’rib (2 HHs). These figures have been added to the cumulative displacement total recorded since the beginning of the year.

Over 780,000 people have crossed into Chad since the onset of the crisis in Sudan. As of end June 2024, IOM estimates that 201,379 among them are Chadian returnees and expects this number to rise to 240,000 through to December 2024. This is due to ongoing conflict and food insecurity in Darfur, owing to the current suspension of the humanitarian corridor between Chad and Darfur.

Returnees are Chadian nationals who were living in Sudan and have been displaced back to their home country where they lack the resources to rebuild their lives. Returnees are living either in displacement sites or within host communities. They are in urgent need of food, water, sanitation and hygiene shelter, household items, health, and protection. IOM is the lead agency for the returnee response, in close coordination with the Government of Chad, local authorities, UN agencies, and local and international NGOs.

Between 17 June and 7 July 2024, 2,942 forced movements due to conflict and returns after forced displacement were observed in Metema, at the border between Sudan and Ethiopia. Data can be accessed here.

On 01, 03 and 04 July 2024, communal clashes occured in the community of Aila in Egba ward of Agatu local government area (LGA), armed bandits attacked the community of Samco Community in Borikyo ward of Ukum LGA and heavy rainfall occurred in the community of Achusa Market in Bar ward of Makurdi LGA all in Benue State. There were reports of 78 injuries and 28 fatalities. The attacks displaced 618 individuals in 135 households from Aila community to Obagaji host community in Obagaji ward. The affected individuals included 851 children, 387 women and 297 men. 

On 04 and 06 July 2024, armed bandits attacked Model Primary School Camp in Gwadabawa ward of Gwadabawa LGA in Sokoto State and a communal clash occurred in the community of Sabuwar Unguwa in Wakili Kudu 3 ward of Katisna LGA in Katsina State. There were reports of 39 injuries and six fatalities. The affected individuals included 1,069 children, 549 women, and 304 men.

Of all the needs identified, food, non-food items (NFI), WASH, and transport were the most prevalent. Other needs included shelter, psychosocial support, and health.

Following these events, DTM (Displacement Tracking Matrix) field staff conducted rapid assessments to inform the humanitarian community and Government/partners, and to enable a targeted response. 

Nigeria’s north-central and north-west zones are afflicted with a multi-dimensional crisis. Long-standing tensions between ethnic and religious groups often result in attacks and banditry or hirabah. These attacks involve kidnapping and grand larceny along major highways by criminal groups. During the past years, the crisis accelerated and has resulted in widespread displacement across the north-central and north-west regions.

IOM Yemen DTM’s Rapid Displacement Tracking (RDT) tool collects data on estimated numbers of households forced to flee on a daily basis from their locations of origin or displacement, allowing for regular reporting of new displacements in terms of estimated numbers, geography, and needs. It also tracks returnees who returned to their location of origin.

From 1 January to 6 July 2024, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 1,688 households (HH) (10,128 Individuals) who experienced displacement at least once.

Between 30 June and 6 July 2024, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 44 households (264 individuals) displaced at least once. The majority of people moved into/within the following governorates and districts:

• Ma’rib (31 HHs) – Al Abdiyah (15 HHs), Ma’rib City (8 HHs), Ma’rib (8 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Ma’rib and Al Jawf.
• Ta’iz (7 HHs) – Jabal Habashi (5 HHs), Al Maafer (2 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Ta’iz and Al Hodeidah.
• Al Hodeidah (4 HHs) – Hays (4 HHs) district. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Al Hodeidah and Ta’iz.

The majority of people moved from the following governorates and districts:

• Ma’rib (17 HHs) – Al Abdiyah (15 HHs), Bidbadah (1 HH), Harib (1 HH) districts.
• Ta’iz (8 HHs) – Maqbanah (5 HHs), Al Mudhaffar (1 HH), Jabal Habashi (1 HH) district.
• Al Hodeidah (7 HH) – Al Jarrahi (4 HHs), Al Qanawis (1 HH), Al Hawak (1 HH) districts.

IOM identified 22 additional households displaced in the previous reporting period, which covered 23 - 29 June 2024, in the governorates of Al Hodeidah (12 HHs), and Ma’rib (10 HHs). These figures have been added to the cumulative displacement total recorded since the beginning of the year.

The province of Darien is located on the eastern border of Panama and its territory is one of the migratory crossings most used by people on the move through the Americas, from the south to the north of the continent. This crossing is highly dangerous due to the geographical characteristics of the Darien National Park and the presence of organized crime. People who transit it are exposed to various risks such as human trafficking, smuggling, gender-based violence, various forms of exploitation and abuse. The use of these unsafe crossings to reach temporary or final destinations poses threats to the integrity, dignity, and lives of migrants and refugees. 

Currently, Panama maintains the Operation Controlled Flow active, which provides humanitarian assistance and transfers hundreds of migrants and refugees daily to the Temporary Migrant Reception Centres (hereinafter, ETRM) in the province of Darien. The migrants and refugees enter through the communities of Bajo Chiquito and Canaan Membrillo, located in the Embera-Wounaan indigenous region in the interior of the province of Darien in Panama, and are transferred respectively to the different ETRMs.

Between 28 May and 25 June, flow monitoring surveys were conducted to the migrant and refugee population in transit through the ETRM of the province of Darien. In total, surveys were conducted with 251 representatives of travel groups. In these surveys, information was obtained on 554 companions of the interviewed representatives.

• For the first time since January 2024 (210), almost 200 migrants arrived in Yemen from Djibouti, a point of departure that has seen greatly reduced flows since the start of the the joint military campaign targeting the coastline of Lahj aimed at impeding migrants arrivals.

• Although economic reasons remain the main migration driver along the Eastern Corridor, the number of movements tracked in Obock travelling towards the Arabian Peninsula due to conflict, violence or persecution almost tripled between April (456) and May (1,266).

• Return movements to Obock and Tadjourah from Yemen almost doubled (+97%, 1,240) in May, which underscores the significant challenges that migrants face in Yemen and the desperate circumstances that lead them to take the risky journey back to the Horn of Africa.

• In May, the highest number of people were forcibly returned from Saudi Arabia to Ethiopia in a single month (21,293) since July 2021 (31,911), and the second highest when records began in 2017.

Los movimientos migratorios mixtos de personas nicaragüenses hacia Costa Rica son una tendencia constante, intensificándose por factores políticos, económicos y sociales y que representan desafíos continuos para ambos países en la búsqueda de respuestas en materia de políticas migratorias, que incluyan soluciones en empleo, educación, acceso a servicios básicos, entre otros.

Durante Mayo de 2024, la Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería (DGME) de Costa Rica, registró un total 41.235 movimientos migratorios (46% ingresos y 54% egresos), lo que además representó, con respecto a abril, una disminución del 18% en ingresos y un aumento del 15% en egresos. Por otro lado, entre el 15 y el 31 de mayo, la OIM en Costa Rica registró 10.211 movimientos migratorios en dos puntos fronterizos no oficiales (41% ingresos y 59% egresos).

Entender la dinámica fronteriza de quienes la transitan es fundamental en la comprensión de las necesidades de población migrante y la formulación de propuestas para su atención. Ante estos desafíos, es esencial disponer de información actualizada sobre el perfil sociodemográfico, motivos de migración, necesidades y la dinámica de los movimientos migratorios de persona nicaragüenses en la frontera norte de Costa Rica.