Dashboard/Fact Sheet

IOM Afghanistan's DTM Flow Monitoring activity, initiated at the beginning of 2024, seeks to quantify and better understand the mobility dynamics at Afghanistan’s borders. On 10 January 2024, DTM began deploying field teams at four border crossing points with the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRN) and Pakistan (PAK), expanding to another border crossing point Ghulam Khan as of 11 February (see map below for the locations of all five crossing points), to conduct two interlinked exercises. The first is a headcount of all individuals entering or leaving Afghanistan (including returnees), also called Flow Monitoring Counting (FMC), to gauge flow volume. The second is a survey of randomly selected Afghan national individuals or groups entering or leaving Afghanistan, also called the Flow Monitoring Survey (FMS), to understand the profiles, motivations, and vulnerabilities of the target population. The inflow from Pakistan increased over the monitoring period. This may be related to media reports and speculation about a potential resumption of the repatriation process, targeting primarily Afghan Citizen Card (ACC) holders, starting from April 15, 2024. However, according to the Pakistani Ministry of Foreign Affairs as of April 26, the repatriation process has not yet begun. Additionally, the Government of Pakistan recently extended the validity of 1.3 million PoR cards for Afghan refugees in Pakistan up to June 30, with their repatriation planned for after the repatriation of ACC holders (Voice of America News). This snapshot provides key findings combining various IOM data sources, including DTM Afghanistan’s FMC and FMS activities, DTM Pakistan’s Flow Monitoring of Afghan returnees, and IOM Afghanistan’s Cross-Border Post-Arrival Humanitarian Assistance (CB-PAHA) program, for the period 5 to 11 May 2024. For more information about methodology, see the section in the last page of this report titled “IOM INFLOW DATA.” 

This latest round of Emergency Trends Tracking was initiated in April 2024 to monitor displacements movements during the Gu rainy season. Districts covered in this round include Afgooye, Afmadow, Baardheere, Baidoa, Balcad, Belet Weyne, Gaalkacyo, Garoowe, Jamaame, Jowhar, Kismaayo, and Luuq.

ETT is a crisis-based tool that tracks sudden displacement triggered by specific events or emerging crises. The objective of ETT is to help prioritize humanitarian response and to enable partners to deliver rapid assistance. Based on previous shock induced displacement patterns, the humanitarian community expects that people will continue to move toward urban areas in search of humanitarian services. Consequently, the ETT coverage focuses on the main urban centers and surrounding villages for each assessed district. The data is collected through Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) at the location level, from Sunday to Wednesday every week. It includes information on new arrivals, numbers and demographic of IDPs, reasons for displacement, intentions, humanitarian assistance and priority needs among others.

This report presents the data for the month of March 2024, collected through direct interviews and direct observation by DTM enumerators and triangulated via a network of key informants. It highlights the number of herders and their herds identified at 16 counting points. Notably, this enumeration included areas within the Kachia, Kaura, Kaita, and Faskari Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kaduna and Katsina states, under the auspices of the Peacebuilding Fund. Additionally, it extended to Batsari, Jibia, Kankara, and Dan Musa LGAs of Katsina state, which
were supported by the European Union Fund.
In March 2024, Transhumance Flow Monitoring tool identified 1,322 herders in Kaduna State and 197 herders in Katsina State. The animal count was estimated at 43,772 for Kaduna State and 5,013 for Katsina State. Notably, 97 per cent of the total number of herders departed from states within Nigeria, while the remaining 3 per cent departed from Niger.

This report presents the data for the month of February 2024, collected through direct interviews and direct observation by DTM enumerators and triangulated via a network of key informants. It highlights the number of herders and their herds identified at 34 counting points. Notably, this enumeration included areas within the Kachia, Kaura, Kaita, and Faskari Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kaduna and Katsina states, under the auspices of the Peacebuilding Fund. Additionally, it extended to Batsari, Jibia, Kankara, and Dan Musa LGAs of Katsina State, which were supported by the European Union Fund.
In February 2024, Transhumance Flow Monitoring tool identified 1,423 herders in Kaduna State and 600 herders in Katsina State. The animal count was estimated at 55,211 for Kaduna State and 13,684 for Katsina State. Notably, 91 per cent of the total number of herders departed from states within Nigeria, while the remaining 9 per cent departed from Niger.

The Central Sahel area, and in particular the Liptako Gourma region, which borders Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, is affected by a complex crisis involving growing competition over dwindling resources; climatic variability; demographic pressure; high levels of poverty; disaffection and a lack of livelihood opportunities; communal tensions; the absence of state institutions and basic services; and violence related to organized crime and non-state armed groups. The crisis has triggered significant displacement of populations in the concerned countries and is affecting neighbouring countries such as Mauritania and the coastal countries.

As of April 2024, 3,135,099 individuals have been displaced, including 2,636,880 internally displaced persons (84% of the displaced population) and 498,219 refugees (16% of the displaced population). Sixty-seven per cent of the displaced populations (2,100,990 individuals) were located in Burkina Faso, while 14 per cent resided in Mali (442,363 individuals), 11 per cent in Niger (352,553 individuals) and 4 per cent in Mauritania (119,354 individuals). The crisis’ recent spill over to coastal countries, namely Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin, shows growing number of refugees coming from the Central Sahel and populations internally displaced. As of April, 119,839 individuals were affected by displacement within the four countries (18,897 in Benin, 47,392 in Côte d’Ivoire, 7,238 in Ghana and 46,312 in Togo) of which 30,372 were internally displaced.

La région du Sahel central, et plus particulièrement la zone du Liptako Gourma, qui enjambe le Burkina Faso, le Mali et le Niger, est témoin d’une crise complexe qui comprend comme enjeux une compétition grandissante pour le contrôle des ressources; des bouleversements climatiques; une croissance démographique galopante; des niveaux élevés de pauvreté; l’absence d’opportunités économiques; des tensions communautaires; l’absence de présence étatique et le manque de services sociaux de base; ainsi que des violences provoquées par des réseaux de crime organisé et des groupes armés non-étatiques. La crise a engendré des déplacements importants de populations dans les pays concernés et affecte, par ailleurs, des pays voisins tels que la Mauritanie ou les pays côtiers.  

​En avril 2024, 3 135 099 individus sont déplacés, y compris 2 636 880 personnes déplacées internes (84% de la population affectée) et 498 219 réfugiés (16% de la population affectée). Soixante-sept pour cent des individus (2 100 990 personnes) se situaient au Burkina Faso, 14 pour cent résidaient au Mali (442 363 personnes), 11 pour cent au Niger (352 553 personnes) et 4 pour cent en Mauritanie (119 354 personnes). Le recent déversement de cette crise vers les pays côtiers, à savoir la Côte d’Ivoire, le Ghana, le Togo et le Bénin, fait prevue d’un nombre croissant de réfugiés arrivant du Sahel central vers ces pays et, à l’interne, des populations déplacées. En avril, sont recensés 119 839 individus affectés dans ces quatre pays réunis (18 897 au Bénin, 47 392 en Côte d’Ivoire, 7 238 au Ghana et 46 312 au Togo) dont un total de 30 372 déplacés internes.​

The Central African Republic (CAR), which has experienced continuous volatility for the past two decades, has been riddled by a crisis which ignited in 2012 with a violent takeover of power and has developed into a complex protracted state of permanent insecurity and fragility which has spilled over into neighbouring countries. The crisis is characterized by power struggles amongst elites, the absence of state institutions and public investment, religious and ethnic tensions and disputes for the control of key resources. Moreover, the crisis in Sudan, which started in April 2023, is affecting the eastern part of the CAR witnessing arrivals of displaced populations. As of April 2024, 4,033,831 individuals were affected, including 521,857 internally displaced persons (13% of the displaced population), 2,196,858 returnees former IDPs (54%), 528,521 returnees from abroad (13%) and 786,595 refugees (20%). In the CAR, the largest displaced population consists of former IDP returnees. Refugees from the CAR are primarily hosted by Cameroon (353,153 individuals, or 47% of the refugees), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (212,437 individuals, or 28% of the refugees) and Chad (134,184 individuals, or 18% of the refugees). Nonetheless, 15,150 refugees from the Central African Republic are still living in Sudan (2% of the refugees). Since the beginning of the Sudan crisis, a total of 41,795 individuals have entered the CAR. Indeed, the country is home for refugees from neighbouring countries, hosting a total of 35,197 refugees coming from Sudan (24,466 individuals), the DRC (6,440 individuals), South Soudan (2,792 individuals) and Chad (1,499 individuals).

The crisis currently affecting the Lake Chad Basin states results from a complex combination of factors, including conflict with non-state armed groups, extreme poverty, underdevelopment and a changing climate, which together have triggered significant displacement of populations. As of April 2024, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria were hosting an estimated 6,089,049 affected individuals made up of internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees (former IDPs and returnees from abroad) and refugees (both in- and out-of-camp). Thirteen per cent of the affected population (775,827  individuals) were located in Cameroon, while 5 per cent resided in Chad (296,654 individuals), 9 per cent in Niger (559,212 individuals) and finally, 74 per cent in Nigeria (4,457,356 individuals). Overall, the numbers show increases in IDPs (+1%) and returnees from abroad (+5%), and a decrease in refugees (-2%) since December 2023.

يراقب سجل مراقبة التدفق (FMR) الخاص بمصفوفة تتبع النزوح في اليمن (DTM) التابعة للمنظمة الدولية للهجرة، وصول المهاجرين على طول الحدود الساحلية الجنوبية لليمن وإعادة المواطنين اليمنيين إلى وطنهم على طول حدودها الشمالية مع المملكة العربية السعودية. يسجل القائمون بالتعداد في نقاط مراقبة التدفق وصول المهاجرين وعودة المواطنين اليمنيين لتحديد أنماط الهجرة المختلفة وتقديم تقديرات كمية لعدد المهاجرين غير النظاميين الذين يدخلون البلاد. من المهم أن نفهم أن نشرة الهجرة القسرية لا ترصد جميع تدفقات الهجرة في اليمن؛ وبدلا من ذلك، فإنه يوفر رؤى إرشادية حول اتجاهات الهجرة استنادا إلى عدد إجمالي غير معروف من المهاجرين الذين يصلون إلى نقاط مراقبة الهجرة خلال إطار زمني محدد. قد يكون جمع البيانات في بعض نقاط وصول المهاجرين محدودًا بسبب القيود المفروضة على الوصول.

في أغسطس 2023، بدأت حملة عسكرية مشتركة للحد من تدفق المهاجرين إلى اليمن، وخاصة أولئك الذين هم في طريقهم إلى المملكة العربية السعودية ودول الخليج الأخرى. استهدفت هذه العملية ساحل محافظة لحج، وهي نقطة دخول رئيسية لعدد كبير من المهاجرين (ما يصل إلى 15,714 مهاجرًا في مارس 2023). واحتجزت القوات العسكرية المهربين وطاردت قواربهم، مما أدى إلى انخفاض تدريجي في تدفق المهاجرين عبر هذا الساحل، والذي توقف تمامًا في نهاية المطاف خلال الأشهر الستة الماضية. كان هناك استثناء واحد في منتصف ديسمبر 2023 عندما أحضر قارب 110 مهاجرين إلى الشاطئ.

في أبريل 2024، أبلغت مصفوفة تتبع النزوح التابعة للمنظمة الدولية للهجرة في اليمن عن دخول 1,479 مهاجرًا إلى اليمن، وهو انخفاض بنسبة 23 بالمائة عن الرقم الإجمالي المُبلغ عنه في الشهر السابق (1,930 مهاجرًا). غادر جميع المهاجرين من منطقة باري في الصومال (1,479) ووصلوا إلى محافظة شبوة في اليمن، والتي عادة ما تكون بمثابة نقطة دخول رئيسية للمهاجرين الذين يغادرون الصومال. علاوة على ذلك، نادراً ما يختار المهاجرون المغادرون من جيبوتي شبوة بسبب المسافة الكبيرة بين الموقعين.

على الرغم من وصول جميع المهاجرين عبر منطقة شبوة الساحلية، إلا أن عدد المهاجرين الذين يدخلون عبر نفس المنطقة انخفض بنسبة 18 في المائة في أبريل (1,479) مقارنة بشهر مارس 2024 (1,800). ومن بين إجمالي المهاجرين المسجلين، كان 22 في المائة أطفال، و15 في المائة نساء، و63 في المائة رجال. ووفقاً للبيانات التي تم جمعها لشهر أبريل 2024، ذكر 74% من المهاجرين أن النزاع كان السبب الرئيسي وراء مغادرتهم بلدهم الأصلي.

حدد فريق مصفوفة تتبع النزوح 5,046 عائداً يمنياً في أبريل 2024، أي بزيادة قدرها 19 بالمائة مقارنة بعدد العائدين في مارس (4,226 فرداً). بالإضافة إلى ذلك، سجل الفريق أيضًا إجمالي 191 مهاجرًا تم ترحيلهم من عمان إلى نقطة ديفين في مديرية شحن بمحافظة المهرة باليمن. وكان جميع المهاجرين المرحلين من عمان مواطنين إثيوبيين.

أجبرت الأزمة الإنسانية المتفاقمة في اليمن العديد من المهاجرين على اتخاذ قرار صعب بالعودة إلى بلدانهم الأصلية في القرن الأفريقي، حيث أفادت التقارير أن السلطات قامت بترحيل بعضهم. في أبريل 2024، سجلت مصفوفة تتبع النزوح ما مجموعه 819 مهاجرًا غادروا اليمن إما طوعًا أو تم ترحيلهم بالقوارب من اليمن. وتتكون هذه المجموعة من 91 في المائة من الرجال، و8 في المائة من النساء، وأقل من 1 في المائة من الأطفال.

علاوة على ذلك، في أبريل 2024، أفاد فريق مصفوفة تتبع النزوح في جيبوتي أن ما مجموعه 631 مهاجرًا (93٪ رجال، 4٪ نساء، و3٪ أطفال) وصلوا إلى جيبوتي قادمين من اليمن بعد القيام برحلة محفوفة بالمخاطر للعودة إلى الوطن. وتؤكد هذه الأرقام التحديات الكبيرة التي يواجهها المهاجرون في اليمن والظروف اليائسة التي دفعتهم إلى المخاطرة برحلات بحرية خطيرة.

The Flow Monitoring Registry (FMR) of the IOM Yemen Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) monitors the arrival of migrants along Yemen’s southern coastal border and the repatriation of Yemeni nationals along its northern border with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Enumerators at Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) record the arrival of migrants and the return of Yemeni nationals to identify various migration patterns and provide quantitative estimates of the irregular migrant population entering the country. It’s crucial to understand that the FMR does not capture all migration flows in Yemen; instead, it provides indicative insights into migration trends based on an unknown total number of migrants arriving at FMPs during a specific time frame. Certain migrant arrival points may have limited data collection due to access constraints.

In August 2023, a joint military campaign was initiated to curb the influx of migrants into Yemen, primarily those en route to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries. This operation targeted the coast of Lahj governorate, a major entry point for a large number of migrants (up to 15,714 migrants in March 2023). Military forces detained smugglers and chased their boats, leading to a gradual decrease in migrant flow through this coast, which eventually stopped completely over the last six months. There was a single exception in mid-December 2023 when a boat brought 110 migrants ashore.

In April 2024, the IOM Yemen DTM reported 1,479 migrants entering Yemen, a 23 percent decrease from the total figure reported in the previous month (1,930 migrants). All migrants left from Bari region in Somalia (1,479) and arrived in Shabwah governorate in Yemen, which typically serves as a key entry point for migrants leaving Somalia. Moreover, migrants leaving from Djibouti rarely choose Shabwah due to the significant distance between the two locations.

Although all migrants arrived through Shabwah coastal area, the number of migrants entering through same area decreased by 18 per cent in April (1,479) compared to March 2024 (1,800). Among the total migrants recorded, 22 per cent were children, 15 per cent were women, and 63 per cent were men. According to data collected for April 2024, 74 per cent of migrants stated that conflict was the primary reason for them leaving their country of origin.

The DTM team identified 5,046 Yemeni returnees in April 2024, a 19 percent increase compared to the number of returnees in March (4,226 individuals). Additionally, the team also recorded total of 191 migrants that were deported from Oman back to Deifen Point in Shahan district of Al Maharah governorate, Yemen. All deported migrants from Oman were Ethiopian nationals.

The worsening humanitarian crisis in Yemen has compelled many migrants to make difficult decision to return to their home countries in the Horn of Africa, some have reportedly been deported by authorities. In April 2024, the DTM recorded a total of 819 migrants leaving Yemen either voluntarily or were deported by boat from Yemen. This group was composed of 91 per cent men, eight per cent women, and less than one per cent children.

Furthermore, in April 2024, the Djibouti DTM team reported a total of 631 migrants (93% men, 4% women, and 3% children) arrived in Djibouti from Yemen after undertaking a perilous journey back home. These figures underscore the significant challenges migrants in Yemen face and the desperate circumstances that have led them to risk dangerous sea voyages.