Europe — Migrants Travelling to Europe by land and by sea. Journeys, Vulnerabilities and Needs of migrants arriving in Greece, Italy, and Spain in 2023

This report presents the main findings from the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS) deployed in Greece, Italy, and Spain in 2023. FMS provide a snapshot of the profiles, experiences, and needs of migrants. The survey asks questions on demographics, education and employment backgrounds, the circumstances of the migration journey and migration factors, as well as future intentions and vulnerabilities to abuse, exploitation and violence.

In 2023, a total of 4,020 surveys were collected in 130 entry and transit points for migrants arriving by land and by sea to Europe. The report explores similarities and differences among migrants travelling along the Eastern Mediterranean Route (EMR), the Central Mediterranean Route (CMR), the Western Mediterranean Route (WMR) and the Western African Atlantic Route (WAAR) (3,626 surveys). A separate section also looks at the evidence from migrants interviewed in the North of Italy, entering by land from Slovenia (394), connecting this with analyses carried out in the Western Balkan (WB) region. A final section addresses the conditions and needs of migrant children (14-17 years old) in the sample.