The International Organization for Migration (IOM) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) undertook this household study of urban displacement with the primary objective of supporting evidence-based planning for the humanitarian community and the Government of Iraq in response to protracted displacement in this post-emergency phase.

This report presents data from that household study, highlighting trends and comparisons between the assessed urban centres. The first section provides a brief explanation of the methodology. Next, the report explores the characteristics of the displaced urban population and how these demographic trends and dynamics differ across cities. In the third section, the drivers of urban displacement are considered, including factors at the area of displacement, barriers to return in the primary areas of origin and other socio-demographic factors that impact upon the selection of a durable solution.

As displacement within Iraq becomes increasingly protracted for internally displaced persons (IDPs), further research is needed to understand its causes and put forward potential durable solutions. The United Nations (UN) International Organisation for Migration Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM DTM) undertook this research project “Urban Displacement in Iraq” with the primary objective of supporting evidence-based planning for the humanitarian community and the government of Iraq, and to inform the response to protracted displacement in this post-emergency phase. This report will detail findings from urban centres within the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). 

The snapshot captures present mobility and displacement trends between Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan.

The snapshot captures present mobility and displacement trends between Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan.

The snapshot captures present mobility and displacement trends between Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan.

As displacement within Iraq becomes increasingly protracted for internally displaced persons (IDPs), further research is needed to understand its causes and put forward potential durable solutions. The United Nations (UN) International Organisation for Migration Displacement Tracking Matrix (IOM DTM) undertook this research project “Urban Displacement in Iraq” with the primary objective of supporting evidence-based planning for the humanitarian community and the government of Iraq, and to inform the response to protracted displacement in this post-emergency phase. This report will detail findings from urban centres within the Federal Iraq. An equivalent report is available for urban centres assessed within the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI).

Data for this assessment was collected on a sample of households, representative at the city level (95%, 5%), between March and December 2020. Ten urban centres of Iraq were assessed, namely the cities of Baghdad/ Abu Ghraib, Baquba, Dahuk, Erbil, Kirkuk, Mosul, Sulaymaniyah, Tikrit, Tuz Khurmatu, and Zakho.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), monitors cross-border movements to and from Nigeria's Borno State in north-east Nigeria. Assessments are conducted at Points of Entry located along the border with Cameroon.

A range of data was collected during the assessments to better inform on travellers’ nationalities, sex, reasons for moving, mode of transportation and timeline of movement as shown in figures 2 to 5 below.

In recent years, competing claims to natural resources have grown with reports of violent clashes between farmers and herders communities in Adamawa state of Nigeria. The TTT Early Warning monitors transhumant movements and identifies the pattern of alerts that are related to the use of natural resources between farmers and herders. The TTT data collection engages a network of selected Key informants from the Community Response Network (CRN) and LGA-based team leads.

During the month of April 2022, the TTT Early Warning tool captured 285 alerts. The triangulated alerts include 257 (90%) events and 28 (10%) massive/late movements. The recent event alerts were compounded by the rise in the incidences of the burning of farmlands after harvest to create a scarcity of pasture for grazing as well as to discourage the herders grazing on farmland, potentially leading to conflict in the LGAs such as Demsa.

The event alerts spread across 73 per cent of the wards in the 5 operational LGAs. The percentages of the event alerts in each LGAs are Demsa (35%), Numan (24%), Lamurde (18%), Girei (9%), and Mayo-Belwa (5%). For instance, in Lamurde and Numan LGAs, there are reported cases of crop destruction and underage-herders grazing respectively. It is also reported that 9 per cent of the events resulted in casualties or injuries, while less than one per cent of events led to displacements of populations. The highest number of casualties or injuries are reported from Girei followed by Demsa and Lamurde LGAs.

The early warning data indicated some localities where the potential event could occur. As shown on the map, Demsa, Fufore, Jada, Ganye, Hong, Mayo-Belwa, Numan, Toungo, and Yola South LGAs are the potential risk areas in relation to late and massive movements. In Mayo-Belwa LGA more movement alerts were reported than other operational LGAs, mainly because Mayo-Belwa is traversed by the major North-south axis transhumance corridor. In addition, transhumant groups use the Gongoshi grazing reserve as a resting point on their way to and from Toungo LGA where they stay during dry season grazing.

The reported alerts were in many cases, identified, discussed, and on many instances intervened upon during the Community Response Network (CRN), Community Security Architecture Dialogue (CSAD), and Peace Architecture Dialogue (PAD) meetings in order to diffuse escalating tensions and conflicts in the affected community areas.

This EET New Displacement Overview provides a summary of the application of the EET methodology during 2021. It provides a breakdown of the number of products DTM Sudan has released under the EET methodology, their geographical findings, cause of displacement breakdown, and overall estimates for displacement and return. Finally, the overview details EET series during 2021 which have been confirmed by DTM Sudan field teams as now being closed - with all associated IDPs having returned to their location of origin or settled in a third location.

DTM Sudan has also released an Interactive Dashboard, where those interested in DTM Sudan's EET findings during 2021 can disaggregate our findings by locality, sex and age demographic, shelter typology, vulnerability, type of EET, and month. This interactive dashboard can be accessed here or via the QR code located in the overview itself.

The DTM Emergency Event Tracking (EET) is deployed to track sudden displacement and population movements, provide more frequent updates on the scale of displacement, and quantify the affected population when needed. As a subcomponent of the new Mobility Tracking methodology in Sudan (Round Three), and activated on a need basis, EET utilises a broad network of key informants to capture best estimates of the affected population presence per location – a useful tool for humanitarian response planning and design.