On 11 April, clashes between herders and farmers were reported in the communities of Tunga Tudu, Sakamaru, Buwade and Asara Arewa in Gigane ward of Gwadabawa LGA in Sokoto State. The clash affected 482 individuals and displaced 470 individuals to the community of Gwadabawa Town in Gwadabawa ward. As a result of the clashes, 12 fatalities and 38 injuries were reported.

In Kaduna State, on 13 and 16 April, attacks were reported in the communities of Atakjeh in Unguwar Gaiya ward and Runji in Zonzon ward in Zangon Kataf LGA and Sabon Layi in Kakangi ward in Birnin Gwari LGA. An estimated 1,594 individuals were affected by the violence, and 1,539 were displaced to the communities of Zonkwa Town in Zonkwa ward of Zango Kataf LGA and Ungwan Shitu Primary School in Magajin Gari 1 of Birnin Gwari LGA. As a result of the attacks, 55 fatalities and 35 injuries were reported.

The DTM Emergency Tracking Tool (ETT) is deployed to track and to collect information on large and sudden population movements, provide frequent updates on the scale of displacement and quantify the affected population when needed. As a sub-component of the Mobility Tracking methodology in Nigeria, ETT utilises direct observations and a broad network of key informants to capture best estimates of the affected population per location, enabling targeted humanitarian response planning.

Between 10 and 16 April 2023, a total of 843 new arrivals were recorded in locations in Adamawa and Borno states. The new arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Damboa, Gubio, Gwoza and Kala Balge* Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the most conflict-affected State of Borno and in Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.

Mozambique’s National Institute for Disaster Management (INGD) estimates 1,187,265 individuals have been affected by the first and second landfall of Tropical Storm Freddy across Inhambane, Gaza, Zambezia, Sofala and Tete, Niassa and Manica. As of 17 April 2023, rapid assessments across top-affected Postos in Sofala (Caia, Chemba, Chiramba, Cupanga, Marromeu, Mulima, Murraça, and Sena), Niassa (Cuamba, Insaca, Lione, Lunho, Mandimba) Tete (Charre, Doa, Inhangoma, and Nhamayabue), Manica (Amatongas, Bazua, Cafumpe, Gondola, Guro, Inchope, Mungari, Nguawala, Nhacafula, Nhacolo and Nhamagua) and Zambezia (Alto Molcue, Milange, Molumbo, Namacurra, Nante, and Nicoadala) report at least 542,770 individuals/ 143,207 families affected as well infrastructure damages to 177 schools, and 41 health centres.

Within these assessments 146,071 houses are reported as completely or partially destroyed. Approximately, 103,244 houses are located in Zambezia province (62,096 in Namacurra, 25,437 in Nicodala, 8,897 in Milange, 12 in Alto Molocue, and 6,802 in Nante postos), 29,789 houses are located in Sofala province (1,933 in Caia, 781 in Chemba, 42 in Chiramba, 2,145 in Chupanga, 1,070 in Marromeu, 89 in Mulima, 20,742 in Sena, and 2,987 in Murraça postos), 9,414 houses are located in Tete ( 2,202 in Doa, 6,899 in Inhagoma, 140 in Charre, and 173 in Nhamayabue Postos), 3,098 houses are located in Manica (729 in Nhamagua, 221 in Bazua, 498 in Guro, 712 in Mungari, 83 in Nhacafula, 140 in Amatongas, 97 in Cafumpe, 316 in Gondola, 93 in Inchope, 77 in Nguawala, and 132 in Nhacolo postos) and 370 houses are located in Niassa province (370 in Mandimba posto).

The most cited priority needs in these most severely affected postos are for Agricultural assistance/Food aid, closely followed by Shelter/NFIs . The priority need for WASH is slightly lower than for the previous two sectoral needs. Furthermore, 43,499 individuals (9,333 families) remain displaced across 21 active accommodation centres/temporary displacement locations in Inhambane, Zambezia, Sofala, Tete, and Niassa.

In March 2023, 23,711 migratory movements were observed at flow monitoring points (FMP) in Djibouti with a daily average of 765 migratory movements. The migratory flows observed in all FMPs increased by 17% compared to February 2023 during which 20,237 movements were recorded.

Starting on 24 February 2022, the Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine triggered an unprecedented humanitarian crisis and generated large scale displacement both within Ukraine and to the neighbouring countries. As of 23 January 2023,1 5.4 million persons were internally displaced in Ukraine. Moreover, in Mid-January 2023 nearly eight million refugees from Ukraine were recorded across Europe.2  According to available administrative data, more than 17 million border crossings of Ukrainian and Third-Country  refugees and migrants were reported from Ukraine into the neighbouring countries since February 2022. At the same time, around 5.2 million persons were estimated to be returnees including both from other locations within Ukraine and self-reported from abroad as of 5 December 2022.3  Nearly nine million cross-border movements were registered from Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and the Republic of Moldova among the neighbouring countries into Ukraine as of the end of January 2023.4

IOM has deployed its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) tools since mid-April 2022 to collect individual surveys in neighbouring countries with persons crossing into Ukraine, with the aim to improve the understanding of main profiles, displacement patterns, intentions and needs of those moving into Ukraine.

This report is based on 24,393 valid surveys collected by IOM’s DTM in five countries, with Ukrainian and Third-Country  refugees and migrants crossing to Ukraine, between 16 April and 31 December 2022: 8,743 in Romania, 7,131 in the Republic of Moldova 6,807 in Poland, 1,037 in Hungary, and 675 in Slovakia. Total results are weighted as per the number of border crossings into Ukraine from each country of the survey, during the afore-mentioned period. Results are also presented by period of the data collection to show the evolution of profiles, needs and intentions from Quarter 2 of 2022 (from April to June), to Quarter 3 (July-September) and Quarter 4 (October-December). 

Movements back to Ukraine can be pendular, and do not necessarily indicate sustainable intentions to stay as the situation across the country remains highly volatile and unpredictable. Hence, individuals surveyed while crossing into Ukraine from neighbouring countries are not necessarily returnees, and conclusions on definitive trends cannot be drawn.

For a complementary discussion on returnees within Ukraine, after internal or international displacement, please check the latest DTM Ukraine Return Report (January 2023) and the Factsheet Conditions of Return Assessment (February 2023).

Starting on 24 February 2022, the Russian full-scale invasion in Ukraine triggered an unprecedented humanitarian crisis and generated large scale displacement, both within Ukraine and to the neighbouring countries. As of 23 January 2023, 5.4 M persons were internally displaced in Ukraine (IOM). Moreover, by mid-January 2023 nearly 8 M refugees from Ukraine were recorded across Europe (UNHCR). According to available administrative data, more than 17 M border crossings of refugees and Third-Country Nationals (TCNs) were reported from Ukraine into the neighbouring countries since February 2022.1

At the same time, around 5.2 M persons were estimated to be returnees including both from other locations within Ukraine and self-reported from abroad as of 5 December 2022 (IOM). Nearly 9 M cross-border movements were registered from Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and the Republic of Moldova among the neighbouring countries into Ukraine as of the end of January 2023.

To survey the reasons for crossing back to Ukraine, and the intentions and immediate needs of the populations returning or only visiting for short periods, IOM deployed its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) since April 2022 and interviewed Ukrainians and TCNs in neighbouring countries prior to exiting towards Ukraine.

This report is based on 24,393 valid surveys collected by IOM’s DTM in five countries with adult refugees from Ukraine and TCNs, that were crossing back into the country between 16 April and 31 December 2022: 8,743 in Romania, 7,131 in the Republic of Moldova, 6,807 in Poland, 1,037 in Hungary, 675 in Slovakia.

Total results are weighted as per the number of border crossings from each country of the survey, during the afore-mentioned period. Movements back to Ukraine can be pendular, and do not necessarily indicate intentions to stay as the situation across the country remains volatile and unpredictable.

For a complementary discussion on returnees within Ukraine, after internal or international displacement, please check the latest DTM Ukraine Return Report (January 2023) and the Factsheet Conditions of Return Assessment (February 2023).

Read the Extended version of the Report here.

Storms and heavy monsoon rains in Pakistan have caused widespread flooding and landslides across the country. According to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), up to 33 million people have been affected by the floods since mid-June 2022 and a total of 90 districts have been labelled by the Government of Pakistan as ‘calamity-hit’, as of 18 November 2022. Besides that, more than two million houses are reported to be damaged across the country.

Given the number of calamity-hit districts and the number of affected people, IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) decided to roll out its Community Needs Identification (CNI). This was done following coordination and approval from the Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) of Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh. The purpose of the CNI is to understand the displacement situation and multi-sectoral needs of the affected population at the village level. IOM deployed its CNI across the 18 districts reporting the highest displacement in the provinces of Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh. The CNI was thus carried out across 7,211 flood-affected villages or villages that hosted temporary displaced persons (TDPs) that exist under these 18 targeted districts.

IOM Pakistan collects data on the outflows of undocumented Afghan nationals at the Torkham and Chaman border crossing points in an effort to better understand the migration movements of undocumented Afghan nationals returning to Afghanistan from Pakistan. Key findings during this reporting period are:

• Between January and March 2023, 20,002 undocumented Afghan nationals spontaneously returned to Afghanistan, including 10,008 through the Torkham border point and 9,994 through the Chaman border point. Border authorities facilitated the return of 2,246 individuals due to the lack of legal documentation to remain in Pakistan. Therefore, information concerning these 2,246 individuals is not included in the count.

• Although IOM identified 20,002 undocumented Afghan returnees at two border crossings, this may not reflect the total number of undocumented Afghan returnees. Moreover, for this study, only the head of household or representative of the family were interviewed. This means that the number of interviews conducted by the enumerators is lower than the number of returnees recorded by IOM. Between January and March 2023, IOM interviewed 844 respondents.

• The average family size of returnees was seven individuals and seven per cent of all returnees recorded during the reporting period were categorized as vulnerable persons. • All returnees were carrying personal belongings when surveyed. They also traveled with additional items, such as household items (98%), cash (97%), productive assets (89%), transportation vehicles (4%) and livestock (1%).

• The top three challenges returnees expected to face in Afghanistan were: arranging livelihood, settling into a new city and finding better income opportunities.