Since October 8 there has been an increase in cross-border incidents between Israel and Lebanon, resulting in the displacement of people both within the South and elsewhere within the country. Since October 10, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has been conducting the daily monitoring of population movements. The objective of the exercise is to inform preparedness and response planning.

Following the increase in localized displacement due to fires, DTM Sudan released the following report summarizing DTM updates on displacement due to fire incidents across Sudan, from 08 May to 21 May 2024.

DTM field teams reported five fire incidents across North Darfur (1), North Kordofan (2), White Nile (1), and Northern (1) states. Some fires were reportedly caused by increased temperatures and drier climate conditions, while others were due to household accidents.

Highlights 

• Fires displaced an estimated 575 individuals (approximately 115 households) between 08 May and 21 May 2024.
• Over 133 structures (126 houses and seven farms) were destroyed or partially damaged by the fires. 
• The fires resulted in localized displacement: the majority of displaced households sought shelter with host communities within the same locations.

• Exit movements from Ethiopia (20,260) were the highest tracked since 2018, an 11% increase from the previous highest figure in March 2024.

• In April, two separate shipwrecks occurred in which 87 people making return journeys to the Horn of Africa perished near Obock, including children. The boats departed from Yemen and capsized off the coast of Djibouti due to overloading of the vessels.

• In the Ma’rib governorate of Yemen, flooding occurred in areas hosting stranded migrants, which exerted pressure on their dilapidated
shelters and triggered pushed many on the move once again.

• Due to the campaign against irregular migration in the Bab-al Mandab Strait, there have been almost no migrant arrivals from Djibouti in the
Lahj Governorate since October 2023.

• As it remains difficult for migrants to obtain employment on farms in Ma’rib Al Wadi, many chose to return to their home countries via the
Red Sea using smugglers for the risky journey, while others were deported by boat from Yemen to the Horn of Africa.

• Over 13,000 people were forcibly returned from Saudi Arabia to Ethiopia in April, the largest number since April 2023.

This latest round of Emergency Trends Tracking was initiated in April 2024 to monitor displacements movements during the Gu rainy season. Districts covered in this round include Afgooye, Afmadow, Baardheere, Baidoa, Balcad, Belet Weyne, Gaalkacyo, Garoowe, Jamaame, Jowhar, Kismaayo, and Luuq.

ETT is a crisis-based tool that tracks sudden displacement triggered by specific events or emerging crises. The objective of ETT is to help prioritize humanitarian response and to enable partners to deliver rapid assistance. Based on previous shock induced displacement patterns, the humanitarian community expects that people will continue to move toward urban areas in search of humanitarian services. Consequently, the ETT coverage focuses on the main urban centers and surrounding villages for each assessed district. The data is collected through Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) at the location level, from Sunday to Wednesday every week. It includes information on new arrivals, numbers and demographic of IDPs, reasons for displacement, intentions, humanitarian assistance and priority needs among others.

This report provides insights into the profiles, experiences, needs, routes travelled and intentions of migrants transiting through Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Data was collected from 1 to 30 April 2024. IOM carried out a route observation exercise in the Republika Srpska, Sarajevo Canton, Posavina Canton, Tuzla Canton, Bosnian-Podrinje Canton and Una Sana Canton to monitor trends in entries and exits as well as transit modalities within BiH. IOM also surveyed 553 migrants in active transit locations such as bus stops or at key entry and exit locations throughout the country as well as in four transit reception centres (TRCs) in BiH (Lipa, Ušivak, Borići and Blažuj).

Overview:

This report provides an overview of the total population of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sudan, including those displaced both before and after the onset of conflict on 15 April 2023.  
 
The displacement crisis in Sudan has been unfolding for over two decades, with roots in the Darfur conflict beginning in 2003. Prior to the onset of conflict on 15 April 2023, Sudan already hosted an estimated 3,820,772 IDPs. The majority (80%) reportedly originated from Darfur states, and most were initially displaced between 2003 and 2010. Of these IDPs, many experienced secondary displacement after 15 April 2023. Since 15 April 2023, an estimated 7,111,788 individuals were displaced internally within Sudan — including those who experienced secondary displacement. 
 
When accounting for those displaced both before and after 15 April 2023, DTM estimated that Sudan hosted a total of 9,957,655 IDPs.

Key Findings:

• An estimated total of 9,957,655 IDPs were displaced across 7,869 locations, in 183 localities in all 18 states in Sudan.
• An estimated 7,111,788 individuals were displaced internally within Sudan since 15 April 2023. 
• An estimated 26 per cent of IDPs who were initially displaced prior to the onset of current conflict experienced secondary displacement since 15 April 2023. 
• Approximately 2,111,791 individuals crossed borders into neighbouring countries since 15 April 2023. 
• The top states of origin among IDPs were Khartoum (36%), South Darfur (21%), and North Darfur (12%).  
• The states hosting the most IDPs were South Darfur (18%), North Darfur (13%) and Central Darfur (9%). 
• Over half (56%) of IDPs were reportedly children under the age of 18-years-old. 

Note: The number of IDPs displaced post 15 April 2023 (7,111,788 IDPs) includes the estimated 974,905 IDPs who were initially displaced prior to 15 April 2023 and experienced secondary displacement since 15 April 2023. DTM Sudan defines an internally displaced person as any person who has been forced or obliged to flee from their habitual residence due to an event dating from 2003 onwards.

During the reporting period, between 1 January and 31 March 2024, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 919 households (HHs) (5,514 individuals)1 who experienced displacement at least once. This compares to 2,495 households (14,970 individuals) in the first quarter 2023 representing a 63 per cent decrease. The decrease in the displacement in the first three months of this year, 2024, compared to the same period last year, 2023, is due to a prevailing calm following the cessation of hostilities between the conflicting parties in Yemen and the continuation of the ceasefire for the third consecutive year. However, the repercussions of the conflict and the economic crisis still cast a shadow over displacement patterns and population movements between different areas from original places of residence to areas of displacement.

The governorates with the highest number of new displacements in the first quarter of 2024 are Ma’rib (374 HHs), Ta’iz (269 HHs), and Al Hodeidah (248 HHs). These governorates are all located in areas that have been heavily affected by armed conflict, insecurity, and the resulting humanitarian crisis.

Safety and security concerns as a result of the conflict were the main reason for displacement, accounting for 67 per cent (618 HHs) of the total, followed by economic reasons related to conflict, accounting for 33 per cent (301 HHs).

La transhumance est une tradition par laquelle des éleveurs se déplacent à la recherche d’eau et de pâturages. En Mauritanie, pays désertique, elle constitue un moyen d’adaptation pour les transhumants afin de palier au déficit de ressources pastorales. De ce fait des mouvements de transhumance sont observés principalement de la Mauritanie vers le Mali. Cependant, des mouvements inverses sont également notés, motivés principalement par la recherche de cure salée en Mauritanie par les transhumants Maliens ou Sénégalais. Ainsi, le calendrier et les itinéraires de transhumances se font en concordance des pluies, ainsi que de la distribution de l’eau et des pâturages, qui varient d’une saison à l’autre. Compte tenu des conditions environnementales difficiles en Mauritanie et des répercussions sur les productions végétales et animales, y compris sur la sécurité alimentaire des populations, et dans le contexte actuel d’aléas climatiques, économiques et sécuritaires croissants, on constate que les systèmes de mobilité pastorale connaissent des évolutions importantes sous les effets combinés du changement climatique, de la pression démographique, de la baisse de la fertilité des sols et de l’insécurité.

Dans le cadre du projet « Soutenir les capacités locales et communautaires de prévention et de gestion des conflits et des catastrophes liées au changement climatique au Guidimaghaa »  financé par le Peace Building Fund (PBF) et mis en œuvre par l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM), au niveau de la Wilaya du Guidimaghaa, plusieurs activités sont mises en place y compris des activités de collecte de données sur la migration et le changement climatique.

Depuis 2014 le Niger est touché par de multiples crises sécuritaires ainsi que des catastrophes récurrents qui ont causé le déplacement de
centaines de milliers de personnes à l’intérieur du pays. Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua et Tillaberi sont les régions les plus touchées par ces phénomènes
(insécurité et catastrophe). Jusqu’en 2024, les attaques des groupes armés ont continué à pousser les populations à fuir leurs localités pour trouver
refuge dans des zones plus stables. À cela s’ajoutent aussi les catastrophes (inondations, pluies torrentielles, etc.) qui touchent les populations
chaque année.
L’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) au Niger a mis en oeuvre la Matrice de suivi des déplacements (Displacement Tracking
Matrix, DTM en anglais) en 2016 en étroite collaboration avec le gouvernement du Niger pour collecter et diffuser des informations régulièrement
sur la population mobile afin d’offrir au gouvernement et aux partenaires humanitaires une meilleure compréhension des mouvements de
populations et des besoins changeants sur les lieux de déplacement ou de transit au Niger. L’outil DTM comporte quatre (4) composantes: le
suivi des mouvements de population, le suivi des flux migratoires, les enregistrements et les enquêtes. Pour apporter son appui au gouvernement
et aux partenaires humanitaires afin de mieux comprendre les tendances de déplacement et la situation des déplacés, l’OIM en collaboration
avec le Ministère de l’Action Humanitaire et de la Gestion des Catastrophes (MAH/GC) a mis en oeuvre la composante suivi des mouvements
de population depuis 2019, appelée « Évaluation des Villages » (Village Assessment Survey (VAS), en anglais).