Internal displacement

La crise dans le Bassin du lac Tchad est le résultat d’une combinaison complexe d’une multitude de facteurs, y compris un conflit armé impliquant des groupes armés non-étatiques, des niveaux extrêmes de pauvreté, un développement peinant, et des bouleversements climatiques, qui ont conduit à des déplacements importants de populations. En février 2024, le Cameroun, le Chad, le Niger et le Nigéria accueillaient un total de 6 031 612 individus affectés par la crise, dont des personnes déplacées internes (PDI), des retournés (anciennes PDI et retournés de l’étranger) et des réfugiés (vivant en et hors des camps). Treize pour cent des individus affectés (775 239 personnes) résidaient au Cameroun, 5 pour cent au Tchad (286 865 personnes), 9 pour cent au Niger (513 149 personnes) et enfin, 74 pour cent au Nigéria (4 456 360 personnes). De façon générale, les nombres montrent augmentation de retournés de l’étranger (+4%) et une diminution de réfugiés (-10%) depuis décembre 2023 dans la région.

Human made disasters (fires), land disputes and extreme weather events such as landslides, mudslides as well as heavy storms and hailstorms have led to significant devastation in the districts of Amuru, Koboko, Bududa, Kisoro, Namisindwa, Bundibugyo, Kalangala and Wakiso. In January 2024, the disasters have adversely impacted 1,654 individuals, comprising 288 households, with 685 individuals from 125 households being internally displaced.

Demographically, adults (18-64 years) constitute the majority of the affected population at 53%, followed by children under 18 years at 41%, and the elderly above 64 years at 6%. 

Infrastructure damage assessed indicates that 73 houses were completely destroyed and 40 houses were partially damaged by disasters.

The Central Sahel area, and in particular the Liptako Gourma region, which borders Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, is affected by a complex crisis involving growing competition over dwindling resources; climatic variability; demographic pressure; high levels of poverty; disaffection and a lack of livelihood opportunities; communal tensions; the absence of state institutions and basic services; and violence related to organized crime and non-state armed groups. The crisis has triggered significant displacement of populations in the concerned countries and is affecting neighbouring countries such as Mauritania and the coastal countries.

As of February 2024, 3,025,322 individuals have been displaced, including 2,636,880 internally displaced persons (87% of the displaced population) and 388,442 refugees (13% of the displaced population). Sixty-nine per cent of the displaced populations (2,100,469 individuals) were located in Burkina Faso, while 14 per cent resided in Mali (419,534 individuals), 10 per cent in Niger (287,223 individuals) and 4 per cent in Mauritania (114,653 individuals). The crisis’ recent spill over to coastal countries, namely Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin, shows growing number of refugees coming from the Central Sahel and populations internally displaced. As of February, 103,443 individuals were affected by displacement within the four countries (9,899 in Benin, 40,093 in Côte d’Ivoire, 7,142 in Ghana and 46,309 in Togo) of which 30,372 were internally displaced.

La région du Sahel central, et plus particulièrement la zone du Liptako Gourma, qui enjambe le Burkina Faso, le Mali et le Niger, est témoin d’une crise complexe qui comprend comme enjeux une compétition grandissante pour le contrôle des ressources; des bouleversements climatiques; une croissance démographique galopante; des niveaux élevés de pauvreté; l’absence d’opportunités économiques; des tensions communautaires; l’absence de présence étatique et le manque de services sociaux de base; ainsi que des violences provoquées par des réseaux de crime organisé et des groupes armés non-étatiques. La crise a engendré des déplacements importants de populations dans les pays concernés et affecte, par ailleurs, des pays voisins tels que la Mauritanie ou les pays côtiers.  

​En février 2024, 3 0251 322 individus sont déplacés, y compris 2 636 880 personnes déplacées internes (87% de la population affectée) et 388 442 réfugiés (13% de la population affectée). Soixante-neuf pour cent des individus (2 100 469 personnes) se situaient au Burkina Faso, 14 pour cent résidaient au Mali (419 534 personnes), 10 pour cent au Niger (287 223 personnes) et 4 pour cent en Mauritanie (114 653 personnes). Le recent déversement de cette crise vers les pays côtiers, à savoir la Côte d’Ivoire, le Ghana, le Togo et le Bénin, fait prevue d’un nombre croissant de réfugiés arrivant du Sahel central vers ces pays et, à l’interne, des populations déplacées. En février, sont recensés 103 443 individus affectés dans ces quatre pays réunis (9 899 au Bénin, 40 093 en Côte d’Ivoire, 7 142 au Ghana et 46 309 au Togo) dont un total de 30 372 déplacés internes.​

Since October 8 there has been an increase in cross-border incidents between Israel and Lebanon, resulting in the displacement of people both within the South and elsewhere within the country. Since October 10, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has been conducting the daily monitoring of population movements. The objective of the exercise is to inform preparedness and response planning.

La DTM a identifié 1,043 personnes affectées, dont 395 personnes déplacées par les pluies torrentielles dans les provinces de Bubanza.

The General Population Survey is a highly representative assessment with 20,000 random respondents interviewed, providing population data and enabling an assessment of the geographic distribution of the war-affected populations across the country.

Over the course of March 2022 to January 2023, the IOM’s Data and Analytics successfully carried out 12 rounds of the General Population Survey. Initially conducted bi-monthly and later transitioning to a monthly frequency, the results were extrapolated at both national and macro-regional levels. As of May 2023, the survey methodology underwent adaptation to generate quarterly representative data at the oblast level, thus facilitating localized analysis.

This Multi-Sectorial Location Assessment (MSLA) report, which presents findings from the International Organization for Migration’s (IOM) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Round 12 assessments, aims to enhance understanding of the extent of internal displacements and the needs of affected populations in conflict-affected and disaster-affected districts of Mozambique. Data was collected between 12 - 30 July 2023 in close coordination with provincial government and Instituto Nacional de Gestão e Redução do Risco de Desastres (INGD) partners, and presents trends from 191 assessed sites hosting internally displaced persons across Northern (Cabo Delgado 94 sites, Nampula 2 sites, Niassa 7 sites) and Central Mozambique (Manica 35 sites, Sofala 36 sites, Tete 4 sites, Zambezia 13 sites).

In total, 392,598 internally displaced persons (IDPs). This is much higher than MSLA Round 11, as all sites in Northern and Central Mozambique are now being analysed jointly. Reported figures, however, exclude displaced individuals living in host community settings. According to DTM Round 19 Mobility Tracking Report, as of August, an estimated 850,599 were identified living in both host communities and sites (668,939 IDPs in Northern Mozambique, and 181,660 IDPs in Central Mozambique).