Internal displacement

In 2023, 100 countries hosted active Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) operations, consistent with the number recorded in 2022. This global network is comprised of DTM teams and their operations following a simple but fundamental tenet, that data collection should serve the data needs of actors on the ground. To ensure relevance across the range of populations, crises, cultures, political contexts, and response capacities in the locations where DTM works, operations need to be adaptable. This has necessitated a decentralised approach which places ownership of individual DTM operations with country level teams that are supported by teams at the regional and global levels.  

In support of this decentralised approach, an annual survey is conducted each year to audit, review and document specific information about all active DTM operations. The survey is conducted by the DTM Global Support Team, part of IOM headquarters, in coordination with IOM’s Regional Data Hubs and DTM country teams. Data is collected through interviews with DTM staff in each country office and is recorded in a central database that is maintained by the DTM Global Support Team. Data from this survey inform the basis of this report, and further detailed findings can be explored through the accompanying interactive dashboard. 

Since June 2022, the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) and the Joint IDP Profiling Service (JIPS) have been planning implementing and monitoring the ECHO-funded project: Environmental degradation and displacement: leveraging citizen-centred data to improve humanitarian programming. 

According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), 2021 saw 38 million new displacements, of which 23.7 million – almost two thirds – were due to natural hazards. In response, IOM and JIPS will jointly lead a Collective Intelligence initiative targeting HIP priority areas on Disaster Displacement and Anticipatory Action for displacement events related to environment and climate related disasters in the East and Horn of Africa. The findings from this study can be used to feed early warning systems already in place in Burundi. 
 

The General Population Needs and Vulnerability Assessment (GPS) is the quarterly representative survey assessing the situation of the local population of the Republic of Moldova and is conducted to identify changes and trends in their vulnerabilities, needs, and intentions over time. The study is a joint initiative of IOM and the World Food Programme (WFP) with inputs to the questionnaire from the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection (MoLSP). The key findings include:

• 19% of the households (HH) are food insecure, while 37% reported having used crisis and emergency coping strategies to respond to their food needs.
• 12% of HH had to borrow money or rely on friends to afford food while 22% had to reduce the number of meals per day.
• 32% per cent of the respondents reported having at least one chronically ill person in their household, 18% reported the presence of a person with disabilities.
• 85% of the respondents were employed. 54% of the HH had more than one adult member earning an income.
• 19% of HH received social assistance. Among them, 56% reported that the social assistance they received was not sufficient or barely sufficient to cover their households’ basic needs.

Mobility Tracking is a DTM methodology which aims to quantify the presence of population categories as well as the populations’ reasons for displacement, length of displacement and needs. Mobility tracking relies on key informant interviews (KIIs) to estimate the size, priorities and mobility dynamics of a given population. For more information on the DTM methodology, see the DTM Methodological Framework.

The second round of data collection was deployed in 2023 to understand changes in the mobility dynamics induced by prolonged drought and the recovery phase, as well as updates on mobility trends and the most urgent sectoral needs of the target mobile population groups and host communities, to assess changes since the 2022 data collection.

Key findings included:

• Displacement reportedly increased by an approximate 200% in the past 4 years:
  • 12 per cent of arrivals arrived in their location of displacement in 2020, 61 per cent arrived between 2020 and 2022 and 27 per cent arrived in 2023.
  • In nearly all the assessed sub-locations (99%) informants reported the presence of pastoralist dropouts. Across all the sub-locations, 88 per cent of pastoral dropouts happened before 2023, and dropout rates increased most drastically during the 2020-2022 drought period.
  • All arrival households (100% or 15,299 households) arrived at sub-locations that already struggled with the severe effects of drought, resource-based conflict, and ethnic clashes.[1]
• Between September 2022 and May 2023, the reported primary driver of forced displacement was drought. As of May 2024, the primary driver of displacement was floods with 23, 511 households displaced across Kenya.
• 81 per cent of returnees temporarily resided in Kenya, and 16 per cent temporarily resided in Somalia. Of those who temporarily resided in Kenya, 57 per cent were temporarily located in a location outside their immediate area of origin in Garissa County, suggesting prevalent internal migration within the county and cross-border movement dynamics.
• 10,158 child-headed households were identified in Garissa. Of these, 2,954 (29%) had no relatives or community members living near them and were separated from their legal or customary guardians and 8,181 children (81%) were reported as without permanent sources of support.
• In 33 per cent of Garissa sub-locations, shelters were reportedly not stable enough to withstand environmental hazards or security threats.
• Key informants reported 17,568 student dropouts (22% of the estimated number of students), despite concurrent reports that educational institutions were active in 96 per cent of sub-locations. The discrepancy between these figures’ warrants updated, additional investigation.
• Open defecation was reported in 66 sub-locations (44%).  [DI1] The most reported drivers for people to practice open defecation was the non-functionality of latrines (40%), difficulty in accessing the latrines (39%), lack of privacy as there was no reported partition for male and female cubicles (35%), and insecurity when accessing the latrines (11%).
  • Insecurity-related latrine issues were reported by key informants in Balambala (9 sub-locations), Dadaab (3 sub-locations), Lagdera (3 sub-locations) and Hulugho (1 sub-locations).
• Key informants reported that only 52% of the sublocations host a health facility. Furthermore, in 95% of the sub locations with a health facility, there was a reported absence of medicine and commodities
• Most respondents in sub-locations reported that the top three sources of drinking water were: motorized borehole (16%), rainwater (15%) and river water (10%).

[1] Household reportedly arrived in their new sublocation at the following time periods: 12 per cent before 2020, 61 per cent between 2020 and 2022 and 27 per cent in 2023.

 [DI1]Figures are correct, however in the dataset I can see Bush instead of open defecation, which has 0.

In the analysis shared I see that it is Bush (open defecation) under the WASH tab. However in the data table I cannot see such category.

When uploading the data to the website let’s make sure that categories have the same labels in the reporting and in the dataset

Based on findings from Mobility Tracking Round 2 conducted in Turkana, the infographic presents "key findings,"- those most surprising, concerning or informative form the overall assessment findings.

As of June 2024, a total of 13 Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) were operational, monitoring both internal movements and cross-border travel with neighboring countries such as Uganda (UGA), the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Sudan (SDN), Ethiopia (ETH), Kenya (KEN), and the Central African Republic (CAR).
The figures provided are indicative of trends observed among respondents at the active FMPs only since DTM's coverage does not encompass all cross-border or internal flows. Participation in the survey is voluntary and anonymous, with groups of individuals traveling together often surveyed collectively, typically representing a household. 

Ce tableau de bord présente les principaux résultats de suivi des mouvements de populations dans la province du Nord-Kivu à l’issue du onzième round d’évaluation conduit par l’unité de la Matrice de Suivi des Déplacements (Displacement Tracking Matrix, en anglais (DTM)) de l’Organisation Internationale pour les Migrations (OIM). Ces évaluations ont été réalisées à travers un exercice de collecte de données conduit du 26 mars au 15 mai 2024, en collaboration avec l’ONG locale, Promotion de Développement Humain et Protection de l’Environnement Social (PDHPES), et la Division Provinciale des Affaires Humanitaires (DIVAH) du Nord-Kivu. Lors de ce cycle, un total de 5 541 villages, couvrant 34 zones de santé (ZS), ont été évalués à travers des consultations avec 16 612 informateurs clé.

La région de Liptako-Gourma, située à la frontière entre le Niger, le Burkina Faso et le Mali, est une zone particulièrement affectée par des crises multidimensionnelles englobant des défis sécuritaires, humanitaires, et de développement. Confrontée à l'insécurité croissante due à la présence de groupes armés non étatiques et à des conflits intercommunautaires, cette région connaît des niveaux élevés (environ 190.000 personnes) de déplacement interne de populations. Les besoins humanitaires y sont considérables, incluant un accès urgent à la nourriture, à l'eau potable, aux soins de santé, et à l'éducation pour les personnes déplacées et les communautés d'accueil. Les efforts de réponse aux besoins des personnes affectées sont entravés par le manque de ressources et par les difficultés d'accès dues à l'insécurité, soulignant ainsi l'importance d'une approche intégrée qui combine assistance humanitaire et initiatives de développement pour adresser les causes profondes de la crise.

Afin de trouver des solutions durables aux déplacements internes et de prévenir de nouveaux déplacements dans la région, il est crucial de comprendre les niveaux de stabilité dans les zones accueillant les populations déplacées. L'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) a introduit l’Indice de Solution et de Mobilité (ISM) en 2019 pour évaluer la stabilité des zones accueillant les rapatriés ou les populations déplacées dans le Tahoua et Tillabéri. Cet indice vise à identifier les facteurs qui influent sur la stabilité d'un lieu afin de déterminer les interventions prioritaires pour la transition et le rétablissement, renforçant ainsi la résilience et la stabilité dans une région marquée par les conflits et les déplacements. L’ISM mesure les perceptions de stabilité et analyse les facteurs influençant les décisions des populations de rester ou de se déplacer. Il fournit un outil permettant aux autorités et aux partenaires de développer des stratégies plus efficaces, de prioriser les ressources et de planifier les interventions dans les zones fragiles et instables, en intégrant des approches humanitaires, de relèvement et de stabilisation. Ce rapport présente les résultats du quatrième cycle de collecte de données de l'Indice de stabilité, réalisé entre le 18 novembre et le 8 décembre 2023 dans les régions de Tahoua et Tillabéri, au Niger.

Les régions de Tahoua et Tillabéri, situées dans l'ouest du Niger, font face à des défis humanitaires et sécuritaires complexes exacerbés par des conflits armés et des crises alimentaires récurrentes. Les deux régions sont confrontées à des déplacements massifs de population, résultant des attaques de groupes armés et des tensions intercommunautaires. Tillabéri, en particulier, est souvent le théâtre de violences transfrontalières, obligeant des milliers de personnes à fuir leurs foyers. Ces déplacements mettent une pression supplémentaire sur les ressources limitées et les infrastructures locales, aggravant les conditions de vie des populations hôtes et déplacées. Les efforts humanitaires se concentrent sur la fourniture de services essentiels tels que l'eau, la nourriture, et les soins de santé, ainsi que sur le renforcement de la résilience communautaire. Malgré les défis, des initiatives locales et internationales s'efforcent d'améliorer la sécurité, de stabiliser les communautés, et de faciliter le retour volontaire et sécurisé des déplacés dans leurs zones d'origine.

Afin de trouver des solutions durables aux déplacements internes et de prévenir de nouveaux déplacements dans la région, il est crucial de comprendre les niveaux de stabilité dans les zones accueillant les populations déplacées. L'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) a introduit l’Indice de Solution et de Mobilité (ISM) en 2019 pour évaluer la stabilité des zones accueillant les rapatriés ou les populations déplacées dans le Tahoua et Tillabéri. Cet indice vise à identifier les facteurs qui influent sur la stabilité d'un lieu afin de déterminer les interventions prioritaires pour la transition et le rétablissement, renforçant ainsi la résilience et la stabilité dans une région marquée par les conflits et les déplacements. L’ISM mesure les perceptions de stabilité et analyse les facteurs influençant les décisions des populations de rester ou de se déplacer. Il fournit un outil permettant aux autorités et aux partenaires de développer des stratégies plus efficaces, de prioriser les ressources et de planifier les interventions dans les zones fragiles et instables, en intégrant des approches humanitaires, de relèvement et de stabilisation. Ce rapport présente les résultats du quatrième cycle de collecte de données de l'Indice de stabilité, réalisé entre le 4 et le 23 mars 2023 dans les régions de Tahoua et Tillabéri, au Niger.