Nigeria's north-central and north-west zones are afflicted with a multidimensional crisis that is rooted in long-standing tensions between ethnic and religious groups and involves attacks by criminal groups and banditry/hirabah (such as kidnapping and grand larceny along major highways). The crisis has accelerated during the past years because of the intensification of attacks and has resulted in widespread displacement across the region.

Between 03 and 09 January 2022, armed clashes between herdsmen and farmers; and bandits and local communities have led to new waves of population displacement. Following these events, rapid assessments were conducted by DTM (Displacement Tracking Matrix) field staff with the purpose of informing the humanitarian community and government partners, and enable targeted response. Flash reports utilise direct observation and a broad network of key informants to gather representative data and collect information on the number, profile and immediate needs of affected populations.

Between the 10th and 16th of January 2022, a total of 3,287 movements were recorded in Adamawa and Borno States. The recorded movements consisted of 2,829 arrivals and 458 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Gwoza, Hawul, Kala/Balge, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the most conflict-affected Borno State and in Fufore, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi South, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.

Departures were recorded in Askira Uba, Kala/Balge LGA of Borno, and Demsa, Fufore, Hong, Maiha, Michika, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.

Between October and December 2021, a total of 60,581 movements were recorded, composed of 52,308 arrivals and 8,273 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Damboa, Gwoza, Hawul, Kala/Balge, Konduga, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the most conflict-affected Borno State, and in Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.

Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Bama, Gwoza, Kala/Balge and Konduga LGAs of Borno, and Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Madagali, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.

Nigeria's north-central and north-west zones are afflicted with a multidimensional crisis that is rooted in long-standing tensions between ethnic and religious groups and involves attacks by criminal groups and banditry/hirabah (such as kidnapping and grand theft along major highways). The crisis has accelerated during the past years because of the intensification of attacks and has resulted in widespread displacement across the region.

Between the 06th and 17th of January 2022, armed clashes between bandits and local communities have led to new waves of population displacement in communities located in the wards of Ruwan Jema, Nasarawa and Gwashi in Bukkuyum LGA of Zamfara State. Following these events, rapid assessments were conducted by DTM (Displacement Tracking Matrix) field staff to inform the humanitarian community and government partners, and enable targeted response. Flash reports utilise direct observation and a broad network of key informants to gather representative data and collect information on the number, profile and immediate needs of affected populations.

Nigeria's north-central and north-west zones are afflicted with a multidimensional crisis rooted in long-standing tensions between ethnic and religious groups and involves attacks by criminal groups and banditry/hirabah (such as kidnapping and grand larceny along major highways). During the past years, the crisis has accelerated because of the intensification of attacks and has resulted in widespread displacement across the region.

Between the 10th and 16th of January 2022, armed clashes between herders and farm-ers; and bandits and local communities have led to new waves of population displacement. Following these events, rapid assessments were conducted by DTM (Displacement Tracking Matrix) field staff to inform the humanitarian community and government partners, and enable targeted
response. Flash reports utilise direct observation and a broad network of key informants to gather representative data and collect information on the number, profile and immediate needs of affected populations.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), monitors the movements to and from Nigeria's Adamawa and Borno States in north-east Nigeria. Assessments are conducted at Points of Entry located along the border with Cameroon.

During the period 08 - 14 January 2022, 265 movements were observed at three Points of Entry in Borno state. Of the total movements recorded, 139 were incoming from the Far North Region in Cameroon and 18 incoming from Bol and Adre in Chad republic, while 107 outgoing movements were recorded from Borno State to the Far North Region in Cameroon and one
outgoing movement to Bol in Chad republic.

IOM works with national and local authorities in order to gain a better understanding of population movements throughout Southern Africa. Through the setup of Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs), IOM seeks to quantify migration flows, trends and routes and to gain a better understanding of the profiles of observed individuals at entry, transit or exit points (such as border crossing posts, bus stations, rest areas, police checkpoints and reception centres). This report is an overview of the data collected in these FMPs from 1 to 31 December 2021.*

Inter-regional migration from and within the Southern Africa is categorized along the following corridors. The Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) were set-up in several key transit locations along the corridors to track the movements of passengers: 

•Zimbabwe (Mutare) – Mozambique (Manica)

•Zimbabwe – Zambia (Chirundu)

•Zimbabwe – Botswana (Plumtree)

•Zimbabwe (Beitbridge) – South Africa

•Malawi (Mchinji) – Zambia (Mwami)

•Malawi (Karonga) – Tanzania

•Malawi (Mwanza) – Mozambique (Zobue) 

•Malawi (Mulanje) – Mozambique

During December 2021, a total of 116,051 movements were observed across 44 FMPs in the region. 

The Zimbabwe – South Africa corridor hosted the largest number of movements with 90,133 (78%) followed by the Malawi (Mwanza) – Mozambique (Zobue) corridor with 12,033 (10%) and the Malawi – Zambia corridor with 4,569 movements reported (4%).

*Due to operational constraints over the holiday season, enumeration activities were paused on certain days which may not be reflective of flows in each corridor.

During the reporting period (12 to 18 January 2022), a total of 52 movements were recorded - 46 Arrivals (2,004 individuals), 3
departures (99 individuals), 2 returns (98 individuals), and 1 Transit (17 individuals). The largest arrival movements were recorded in Nangade (1,248 individuals), Metuge (61 individuals), Chiure (166 individuals) and Cidade de Pemba (152 individuals). The largest departure was observed in Montepuez (283 individuals). The largest return was recorded in Mueda (98 individuals). The largest transit was recorded in Nangade (17 individuals). Of the total population captured by the ETT, 87 per cent were displaced for the first time, and 13 per cent of reported IDPs had been displaced more than once prior to this latest movement.

Between 01 and 07 November 2021, a total of 2,734 movements were recorded in the states of Adamawa and Borno. The recorded movements consisted of 2,116 arrivals and 618 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Gwoza, Hawul, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the most conflict-affected state of Borno and in Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa.
Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba and Kala Balge LGAs of Borno, and Fufore, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa.
ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation (1,364 individuals or 50%), poor living conditions (704 individuals or 26%), improved security (459 individuals or 17%), conflict/attack (128 individuals or 4%) and fear of attack (79 individuals or 3%).

Between 25 and 31 October 2021, a total of 2,461 movements were recorded in the states of Adamawa and Borno. The recorded movements consisted of 1,641 arrivals and 820 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Gwoza, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the most conflict-affected state of Borno and in Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Song, Yola North, and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa.
Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba, Bama, Gwoza and Kala Balge LGAs of Borno, and Demsa, Fufore, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa.
ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation (1,164 individuals or 47%), poor living conditions (949 individuals or 39%) and improved security (348 individuals or 14%).