In early October, Pakistan’s Ministry of Interior announced a decision to enact the “Illegal Foreigners’ Repatriation Plan (IFRP),” setting a deadline for unregistered or undocumented foreigners to voluntarily return to their countries or face deportation. In early December, IOM Afghanistan conducted a household-level phone survey among 4,031 returnee respondents to better understand their priority needs, current conditions including access to services, and migration histories and intentions. Phone numbers for this sample were obtained from the overall returnee caseload that IOM has been supporting at the border with Pakistan.

The coastal countries of West Africa are experiencing the impact of climate change and spill-over of the Central Sahel crisis. These vulnerabilities contribute to increased risks of conflict, crisis and a humanitarian situation that is worsening fast and significantly. In this context, there is an urgent need to strengthen the capacities of governments and other relevant actors to conduct evidence-based Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) interventions to reduce disaster and climate related risks, while forced displacement is also a pressing risks. The coastal countries of West Africa – especially Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin – lack disaggregated data to make informed decisions on how to prioritize the responses in certain sectors and localities, as well as reliable information to identify the root causes of instability that are driving the deterioration of living conditions.

To help find durable solutions for populations in areas that could be more likely affected by a disaster and to prevent displacements in the region, it is critical to understand their relative levels of stability.​ In order to understand which factors influence a location's stability to identify priority interventions for transition and recovery, with the goal of strengthening the resilience and stability in this conflictual and displacement-affected region, IOM developed the Solution and Mobility Index (SMI) tool. This tool measures perceptions of stability and analyzes which factors have a relatively larger impact on the decisions of populations to remain in place or to move. The tool is implemented in the Upper East and Upper West regions in Ghana to enable governmental authorities and partners to develop informed strategies.

This report presents the results of the SMI Round 1 data collection conducted in Upper East and Upper West regions in Ghana between the 18th and 28th October 2023.

La Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM), como agencia de las Naciones Unidas en materia de migración en Costa Rica, implementó, desde 2021, dos rondas de la Matriz de Seguimiento al Desplazamiento (DTM por sus siglas en inglés) como parte de su estrategia de monitoreo del flujo migratorio circular de personas de nacionalidad nicaragüense, en puntos fronterizos no oficiales, en distintos cantones del norte del país. A partir de este ejercicio en tres puntos de ingreso no oficial de la frontera con Nicaragua, se contabilizaron 60 697 movimientos migratorios, de los cuales el 59 por ciento fueron egresos y 41 por ciento ingresos.

Siendo parte fundamental de la misión de OIM brindar asesoría clave sobre políticas y prácticas migratorias, se vuelve necesario actualizar los datos de este flujo migratorio circular de nicaragüenses que cruzan tanto de forma regular como irregular la frontera norte de Costa Rica.

Según los registros de la DGME de ingresos y egresos regulares por puestos fronterizos oficiales en Los Chiles y Peñas Blancas, en 2022 hubo 394 730 movimientos migratorios regulares de los cuales el 49,7 por ciento fueron ingresos y 50,3 por ciento egresos, mientras que de enero a noviembre de 2023 ya se han registrado un total de 457 636 movimientos: el 52 por ciento fueron ingresos y el 48 por ciento egresos.

IOM Yemen DTM’s Rapid Displacement Tracking (RDT) tool collects data on estimated numbers of households forced to flee on a daily basis from their locations of origin or displacement, allowing for regular reporting of new displacements in terms of estimated numbers, geography, and needs. It also tracks returnees who returned to their location of origin.                                                                                                              

From 1 January to 23 December 2023, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 9,896 households (HH) (59,376 Individuals) who experienced displacement at least once.                                                                                                                  

Between 17 and 23 December 2023, IOM Yemen DTM tracked 33 households (198 individuals) displaced at least once. The majority of people moved into/within the following governorates and districts:                                                                                                                  

• Ma’rib (19 HHs) – Marib City (9 HHs), Harib (5 HHs), Marib (5 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Marib and Hajjah.
• Ta’iz (11 HHs) – Al Maafer (4 HHs), Al Makha (4 HHs), Salah (2 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Taiz and Al Hodeidah.
• Al Hodeidah (3 HHs) – Hays (2 HHs), Al Khukhah (1 HHs) districts. Most displacements in the governorate originated from Taiz and Al Hodeidah.                                                                                                      

The majority of people moved from the following governorates and districts:

• Ta’iz (13 HHs) – Maqbanah (6 HHs), Al Maafer (3 HHs), Jabal Habashi (2 HHs) districts.
• Ma’rib (7 HHs) – Harib (5 HHs), Majzar (1 HHs), Raghwan (1 HHs) districts.
• Al Hodeidah (4 HHs) – Al Marawiah (1 HHs), At Tuhayta (1 HHs), Al Mina (1 HHs) districts.                          

IOM identified 27 households displaced in the previous reporting period, which covered 10 - 16 December 2023, in the governorates of Ma’rib (22 HHs), Ta’iz (3 HHs), and Al Hodeidah (2 HHs). These figures have been added to the cumulative displacement total recorded since the beginning of the year.

• During this reporting period, returns of Afghans have remained high, however, DTM teams have observed a decrease of 51 per cent in returns as compared to the last two weeks of November.

• Eighty-seven per cent of the annual returns in 2023 have occurred since the announcement of the IFRP on 15 September 2023.

• In terms of push factors, during the current reporting period, 82 per cent of the surveyed returnee families indicated they
are moving back to Afghanistan due to fear of arrest. Thirty-one per cent also indicated forced repatriation as an important push factor.

• During the reporting period, three per cent of the overall flow could be considered vulnerable persons. The Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) registered 414 returnees moving back to Afghanistan who were chronically ill and require medical attention, in addition to 263 elderly individuals, and 96 persons with disabilities (PWD).

Since the beginning of the crisis, IOM, through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) continues to conduct a series of rapid assessments, including emergency monitoring (EET/ERM), crisis analysis and registration with a priority to respond to immediate information needs with a view to understanding displacement dynamics and needs. This report presents the results of assessments carried out in the various displacement and return areas from 20 November to 15 December 2023.

The displacement data collected in this eleventh crisis analysis shows a further increase in the number of displaced people compared with the previous publication. The total number of IDPs rose from 1,076,261 to 1,240,215 as of 15 December 2023. DTM estimates the total number of newly displaced individuals by the upsurge in conflict at the beginning of December at 163,954. This increase is due to multiple clashes between government and M23 forces, in particular those which have taken place in the territories of Masisi and Nyiragongo, seeing the extension of the M23 group's area of control. 

Depuis le début de la crise, l'OIM, par le biais de la DTM continue à mener une série d'évaluations rapides, y compris le suivi des urgences (EET/ERM), l'analyse des crises et enregistrement avec priorité de répondre aux besoins immédiats d'information en vue de comprendre la dynamique des déplacements et les besoins. Ce rapport présente les résultats des évaluations menées dans les différentes zones de déplacement et de retour du 20 novembre au 15 décembre 2023.

Les données sur les déplacements recueillies dans cette onzième analyse de crise montrent une nouvelle augmentation du nombre de personnes déplacées par rapport à la publication précédente (voir le rapport). Le nombre de personnes déplacées est passé de 1 076 261 à 1 240 215 personnes au 15 décembre 2023. Cette augmentation de 15 pour cent  est due aux multiples attaques, notamment celles qui ont touché les territoires de Masisi et Nyiragongo, qui ont vu l'extension des zones de contrôle du groupe M23.