Nigeria's North Central and North West Zones are afflicted with a multidimensional crisis that is rooted in long-standing tensions between ethnic and religious groups and involves attacks by criminal groups and banditry/hirabah (such as kidnapping and grand larceny along major highways). The crisis has accelerated during the past years because of the intensification of attacks and
has resulted in widespread displacement across the region.

In the evening of 3 December 2021, Sabon Birni town in Sabon Birni LGA in the state of Sokoto was attacked by armed bandits. Following this event, a rapid assessment was conducted by DTM (Displacement Tracking Matrix) field staff with the purpose of informing the humanitarian community and government partners, and enable targeted response. Flash reports utilise direct
observation and a broad network of key informants to gather representative data and collect information on the number, profile and immediate needs of affected populations.

Between 29 November and 05 December 2021, a total of 9,263 movements were recorded in the states of Adamawa and Borno. The recorded movements consisted of 8,789 arrivals and 474 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Biu, Gwoza,  Kala/Balge, Hawul, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the most conflict-affected state of Borno and in Girei, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi South, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa.

Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba and Kala/Balge LGAs of Borno, and Fufore, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Numan, Song and Yola North and Yola South LGAs 
of Adamawa.

ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: improved security (4,006 individuals or 43%), voluntary relocation (3,172 individuals or 34%), poor living conditions (1,825 individuals or 20%), fear of attacks (204 individuals or 2%) and conflicts/attacks (56 individuals or 1%).

From 27 July— 4 October 2021, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) deployed its Emergency Site Assessment (ESA) to capture internal displacement related to the Northern Ethiopia Crisis. This multisectoral location assessment assesses the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and collects basic information on the multisectoral needs of IDPs at site level.

By this eighth round, DTM’s 4,061 key informants reported that 2,114,653 IDPs (453,263 households) were displaced across 695 sites in Tigray, Amhara and Afar regions thus far. 1,814,284 IDPs (386,741 households) were reported in Tigray region, 151,040 IDPs (38,740 households) in Amhara region and 149,329 IDPs (27,782 households) in Afar region. While the level of access improved significantly within Tigray region this round, a lack of access and insecurity still posed challenges in the Western and Southern zones in Tigray region, Wag Hamra and North Wello zones in Amhara region, and Zone 4 in Afar region during the time of data collection.

Migration Management (DGMM), there are more than 5* million foreign nationals present in Turkish territory, 3.7* million of whom are seeking international protection.
Most of those seeking international protection are Syrians (3,736,760* individuals) who are granted the temporary protection status in Turkey. In addition, international protection applicants are most frequently nationals of Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq constitute another group of foreign nationals.
According to DGMM, there were 31,334* international protection applicants present in Turkey in 20201, published annually. Moreover, according to UNHCR**, there are close to 330,000 international protection status holders and asylum seekers. In addition, there are 1,275,741* foreign nationals under residence permit holder status; this number includes humanitarian residence holders.

*Data Source DGMM, 02.12.2021
**Data source UNHCR, October 2021

La région du Sahel central, et plus particulièrement la zone du Liptako Gourma, qui enjambe le Burkina Faso, le Mali et le Niger, est témoin d’une crise complexe qui comprend comme enjeux une compétition grandissante pour le contrôle de ressources; des bouleversements climatiques; une croissance démographique galopante; des niveaux élevés de pauvreté; l’absence d’opportunités économiques et un sentiment de désillusions quant au futur; des tensions communautaires; l’absence de présence étatique et le manque de services sociaux de base; et des violences provoquées par des réseaux de crime organisé et des groups armés non étatiques. La crise a engendré, en 2020, la mort de 5 000 personnes 2020 (au 31 août) et conduit à des déplacements de populations significatifs dans les quatre pays touches par la crise. Au 26 nov 2021, 2 116 685 individus étaient déplacés par la crise, y compris 1 933 045 Personnes déplacées internes (91% de la population affectée) et 183 640 réfugiés (9%). Soixante-huit pour cent de la population déplacée (1 431 279 personnes) se trouvaient au Burkina Faso, 20 pour cent au Mali (414 922), 10 pour cent au Niger (197 668) et 3 pour cent en Mauritanie
(72 816).

The Central Sahel area, and in particular the Liptako Gourma region, which borders Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, is affected by a complex crisis involving growing competition over dwindling resources; climatic variability; demographic pressure; high levels of poverty; disaffection and a lack of livelihood opportunities; communal tensions; the absence of state institutions and basic services; and violence related to organized crime and Non-State Armed Groups. The crisis has led to the death of an estimated 5,000 people in 2020 (as of 31 August) and triggered significant displacement of populations in the four affected countries. As of 26 November 2021, 2,116,685 individuals have been displaced, including 1,933,045 Internally Displaced Persons (91% of the displaced population) and 183,640 Refugees (9% of the displaced population). Sixty-eight per cent of the displaced population (1,431,279 individuals) were located in Burkina Faso, while 20 per cent resided in Mali (414,922 individuals), 9 per cent in Niger (197,668 individuals) and 3 per cent in Mauritania (72,816 individuals).

La crise dans le Bassin du lac Tchad est le résultat d’une combinaison complexe d’une multitude de facteurs, y compris un conflit armé impliquant des groups armés non étatiques, des niveaux extrêmes de pauvreté, un sous-développement persistent, et des bouleversements climatiques, qui ont conduit à des déplacements de populations importants. Au 26 novembre 2021, le Cameroun, le Tchad, le Nigeria et le Niger accueillaient 5 417 841 individus affectés par la crise, dont des Personnes déplacées internes (PDI), des réfugiés et des retournés (anciennes PDI et retournés de l’étranger). 76 pour cent d’entre eux (soit 4 100 676 personnes) se trouvaient au Nigéria, 11 pour cent au Cameroun (607 520 personnes), 9 pour cent au Tchad (476 943 personnes) et 4 pour cent au Niger (233 097 personnes).

The crisis currently affecting the Lake Chad Basin states results from a complex combination of factors, including conflict with Non-State Armed Groups, extreme poverty, underdevelopment and a changing climate, which together have triggered significant displacement of populations. As of 26 November 2021, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria were hosting an estimated 5,418,236 affected individuals made up of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), Refugees (both in- and out-of-camp), Returnees (Former IDPs and Returnees from abroad) and Third Country Nationals (TCNs). 76 per cent of the affected population (representing 4,100,676 individuals) were located in Nigeria, while 11 per cent resided in Cameroon (607,520 individuals), 9 per cent in Chad (476,943 individuals) and 4 per cent in Niger (233,097 individuals).

IOM COVID-19 Impact on Points of Entry Bi-Weekly Analysis is meant to serve IOM Member States, IOM, UN and voluntary partner agencies, the civil society (including media) as well as the general population in analysing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Points of Entry. It is particularly relevant when identifying and addressing specific needs faced by migrants and mobile populations, disproportionately affected by global mobility restrictions. The report is based on information provided by IOM field staff, using resources available at the IOM country office level and is accurate to the best of IOM’s knowledge at the time of compilation. All information is being constantly validated, including the geolocation and attributes, and through regular assessments and triangulation of information. The updates depend on the time frame within which the information becomes available and is processed by IOM. For this reason, the analysis is always dated and timestamped in order to reflect reality at a given time. However, as the situation continuously evolves and changes, despite IOM’s best efforts, the analysis may not always accurately reflect the multiple and simultaneous restrictive measures being imposed at a specific location.