During the COVID-19 pandemic, IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), monitors cross-border movements to and from Nigeria's Borno State in north-east Nigeria. Assessments are conducted at Points of Entry located along the border with Cameroon.

A range of data was collected during the assessments to better inform on travellers’ nationalities, sex, reasons for moving, mode of transportation and timeline of movement as shown in figures 2 to 5 below.

Nigeria's north-central and north-west zones are afflicted with a multidimen-sional crisis rooted in long-standing tensions between ethnic and religious groups and involves attacks by criminal groups and banditry/hirabah (such as kidnapping and grand larceny along major highways). During the past years, the crisis has accelerated because of the intensification of attacks and has resulted in widespread displacement across the region.
Between the 25th of April and 1st of May 2022, armed clashes and banditry have led to new waves of population displacement. Following these events, rapid assessments were conducted by DTM (Displacement Tracking Matrix) field staff to inform the humanitarian community and government partners, and enable targeted response. Flash reports utilise direct observation and a broad network of key informants to gather representative data and collect information on the number, profile and immediate needs of affected populations. 
During the assessment period, the DTM identified an estimated 1,328 individuals who were affected by the attacks. A total of 1,306 individuals were displaced to neighbouring wards in the LGAs Giwa, Kauru and Kagarko in Kaduna State. A total of 31 casualties were reported, including 9 injuries and 22 fatalities.

La crise dans le Bassin du lac Tchad est le résultat d’une combinaison complexe d’une multitude de facteurs, y compris un conflit armé impliquant des groups armés non étatiques, des niveaux extrêmes de pauvreté, un sous-développement persistent, et des bouleversements climatiques, qui ont conduit à des déplacements de populations importants. Au 30 avril 2022, le Cameroun, le Tchad, le Nigeria et le Niger accueillaient 5 501 412  individus affectés par la crise, dont des Personnes déplacées internes (PDI), des réfugiés et des retournés (anciennes PDI et retournés de l’étranger). 75 pour cent d’entre eux (soit 4 132 210 personnes) se trouvaient au Nigéria, 11 pour cent au Cameroun (628 918 personnes), 9 pour cent au Tchad (488 798 personnes) et 4 pour cent au Niger (246 932 personnes). 

The crisis currently affecting the Lake Chad Basin states results from a complex combination of factors, including conflict with Non-State Armed Groups, extreme poverty, underdevelopment and a changing climate, which together have triggered significant displacement of populations. As of 30 April 2022, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria were hosting an estimated 5,501,412 affected individuals made up of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), Refugees (both in- and out-of-camp), Returnees (Former IDPs and Returnees from abroad) and Third Country Nationals (TCNs). 75 per cent of the affected population (representing 4,132,210 individuals) were located in Nigeria, while 12 per cent resided in Cameroon (633,472 individuals), 9 per cent in Chad (488,798 individuals) and 4 per cent in Niger (246,932 individuals)

La région du Sahel central, et plus particulièrement la zone du Liptako Gourma, qui enjambe le Burkina Faso, le Mali et le Niger, est témoin d’une crise complexe qui comprend comme enjeux une compétition grandissante pour le contrôle de ressources; des bouleversements climatiques; une croissance démographique galopante; des niveaux élevés de pauvreté; l’absence d’opportunités économiques et un sentiment de désillusions quant au futur; des tensions communautaires; l’absence de présence étatique et le manque de services sociaux de base; et des violences provoquées par des réseaux de crime organisé et des groups armés non étatiques. La crise a engendré, en 2021, la mort de 5 000 personnes (au 31 décembre) et conduit à des déplacements de populations significatifs dans les quatre pays touches par la crise. Au 30 avril 2022, 2 523 618 individus étaient déplacés par la crise, y compris 2 317 479 Personnes déplacées internes (92% de la population affectée) et 206 139 réfugiés (8%). treize pour cent de la population déplacée (1 839 039 personnes) au Burkina Faso, 16 pour cent au Mali (402 138), 8 pour cent au Niger (202 068) et 3 pour cent en Mauritanie (80 373).

The Central Sahel area, and in particular the Liptako Gourma region, which borders Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, is affected by a complex crisis involving growing competition over dwindling resources; climatic variability; demographic pressure; high levels of poverty; disaffection and a lack of livelihood opportunities; communal tensions; the absence of state institutions and basic services; and violence related to organized crime and Non-State Armed Groups. The crisis has led to the death of an estimated 5,000 people in 2021 (as of 31 December) and triggered significant displacement of populations in the four affected countries. As of 30 April 2022, 2,523,618 individuals have been displaced, including 2,317,479 Internally Displaced Persons (92% of the displaced population) and 206,139 Refugees (8% of the displaced population). Seventy-three per cent of the displaced population (1,839,039 individuals) were located in Burkina Faso, while 16 per cent resided in Mali (402,138 individuals), 8 per cent in Niger (202,068 individuals) and 3 per cent in Mauritania (80,373 individuals).

The DTM Global Mobility Restrictions Overview provides updates on international air travel restrictions and conditions for authorized entry. This overview aims to understand how COVID-19 has impacted human mobility, detailing how global and regional trends in air travel measures have evolved since COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. The data presented focuses on the changes in public health-related immigration and border management measures. It provides information intended to support IOM missions and partners in targeted response planning and advocacy for vulnerable populations who may be affected by changes in global mobility.

Since 24 February 2022, an increasing number of refugees and third-country nationals (TCNs) entering Slovakia has been registered as a result of the war in Ukraine. As of 01 May 2022, Slovak authorities have reported 384, 897 arrivals from Ukraine out of whom 355, 322 were Ukrainian refugees and 13, 308 third-country nationals (TCNs).

This report is based on a displacement patterns, needs and intentions survey launched by IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM). All surveys were conducted face-to-face by IOM Slovakia trained enumerators with Ukrainian refugees and TCNs fleeing Ukraine. This report presents a short analysis based on 481 surveys collected between 9 March and 21 April 2022.

Between 9 March and 21 April 2022, IOM conducted 481 displacement patterns, needs and intentions interviews with Ukrainian refugees and TCNs at 2 Border Crossing Points (BSPs) at Vyšné Německé, Ub'la, the Michalovce Registration Centre, Gabčíkovo Reception Centre and Červená Hvězda Hotspot in Košice. 

Since 24 February 2022, an increasing number of persons fleeing from Ukraine to the neighbouring countries has been observed, as a result of the war in Ukraine.

This report is based on cumulative and daily registrations by the Bureau of Border and Foreign Police of the Presidium of the Police Force (BBFP) of Ukrainian refugees and third-country nationals (TCNs) entering from Ukraine to the territory of Slovakia through all Border Crossing Points (BCPs), since 24 February 2022, numbers of those who exited the country towards Ukraine, as well as on number of those who applied for asylum or temporary protection in Slovakia.

To date, Ukrainian refugees represent 92 per cent (332,587) of all individuals registered at entry from Ukraine to Slovakia, with 7 per cent (23,027) of Third-Country Nationals (TCNs) and 1 per cent (4,884) of Slovak nationals recorded.

Between 22 March and 25 April 2022, IOM conducted a rapid profiling survey of Third Country Nationals (TCN) displaced from Ukraine in Belgium. The study is intended to gather initial insights into the profiles, journey and intentions of third country nationals displaced from Ukraine. IOM Belgium collected this information at the Fedasil Arrival Center in Brussels, with support from Fedasil. In total, 72 TCNs displaced from Ukraine agreed to voluntarily and anonymously complete the survey conducted by IOM staff. 

Summary: 14% stayed less than one year in Ukraine – 71% has reached higher education level – For 70%, it was the first time they left Ukraine since their arrival there, 30% travelled alone – 31% indicated the desire to return to Ukraine - 68% would like to find a job as soon as possible – 50% of the respondents left Ukraine without an intended final destination - Education is the most needed form of support requested – For information about Belgium, friends, diaspora and relatives are the most important sources of information – The majority of interviewees mentioned the heavy impact of stress, violence and discrimination along the journey from Ukraine.