A total of 16,614 movements were observed in November 2023, representing a 37% decrease compared to October 2023 when 26,352 movements were observed during this period. If compared with October 2023, Doolow (-60%), Dhobley (-41%), Harirad (-26%), Bossaso (-4%), Cabudwaaq (-4%) and Lowyacado (-3%) FMPs recorded a decrease in movements while Buuhoodle (27%) FMP recorded an increase in movements. Cabudwaaq (25%), Dhobley (23%) and Doolow (17%) FMPs recorded the highest numbers of incoming flows, while Doolow (40%), Bossaso (39%) and Buuhoodle (7%) recorded the highest numbers of outgoing flows.

The Central Sahel area, and in particular the Liptako Gourma region, which borders Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, is affected by a complex crisis involving growing competition over dwindling resources; climatic variability; demographic pressure; high levels of poverty; disaffection and a lack of livelihood opportunities; communal tensions; the absence of state institutions and basic services; and violence related to organized crime and non-state armed groups. The crisis has triggered significant displacement of populations in the concerned countries and is affecting neighbouring countries such as Mauritania and the coastal countries.

As of December 2023, 3,011,292 individuals have been displaced, including 2,636,880 internally displaced persons (88% of the displaced population) and 374,412 refugees (12% of the displaced population). Seventy per cent of the displaced populations (2,100,130 individuals) were located in Burkina Faso, while 14 per cent resided in Mali (419,468 individuals), 10 per cent in Niger (287,258 individuals) and 4 per cent in Mauritania (104,324 individuals). The crisis’ recent spill over to coastal countries, namely Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin, shows growing number of refugees coming from the Central Sahel and populations internally displaced. As of December, 100,112 individuals were affected by displacement within the four countries (9,899 in Benin, 36,729 in Côte d’Ivoire, 7,179 in Ghana and 46,305 in Togo) of which 30,372 were internally displaced.

The crisis currently affecting the Lake Chad Basin states results from a complex combination of factors, including conflict with non-state armed groups, extreme poverty, underdevelopment and a changing climate, which together have triggered significant displacement of populations.

As of December 2023, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria were hosting an estimated 6,067,507 affected individuals made up of internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees (former IDPs and returnees from abroad) and refugees (both in- and out-of-camp). Thirteen per cent of the affected population (774,927  individuals) were located in Cameroon, while 5 per cent resided in Chad (288,334 individuals), 9 per cent in Niger (524,511 individuals) and finally, 74 per cent in Nigeria (4,479,735 individuals). Overall, the numbers show a slight decrease in IDPs (-2%) but increases in returnees and refugees since December 2022. The IDPs numbers have increased in Cameroon (+18%) and Niger (+4%) but have shown a slight decrease in Nigeria (-6%).

A second wave of attacks in northern Cabo Delgado (22 of January to 05 of February 2024) has triggered the displacement of 3,726 individuals (cumulating 9,069 from 26 of December 2023 to 05 of February 2024), affecting villages across Mocimboa da Praia, Muidumbe, Mecufi, and Macomia. DTM monitoring teams provide below cumulative figures as an update to previous Movement Alerts published (Movement Alert 92 and Movement Alert 93). Of the total individuals displaced, 132 families with 426 individuals have taken refuge in displacement centers of Mueda (Imbuhu, Mpeme, and Centro Eduardo Mondlane), 119 families with 415 individuals have taken refuge in displacement centers of Macomia (Nanga A and Nanga B), and 19 families with 69 individuals have taken refuge in displacement centers of Metuge (Naminaue).

Overview

From 15 April 2023, armed clashes erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in multiple cities across Sudan. Clashes initially took place in cities across Northern and Khartoum states, later spreading across the Darfur and Kordofan regions.
 

Highlights

• DTM Sudan estimates that 6,144,363 (1,224,269 Households) were recently internally displaced.
• The IDP caseload was observed in 6,594 locations across all of Sudan’s 18 states. 
• The highest proportions of IDPs were observed across South Darfur (12%), River Nile (11%), East Darfur (11%), White Nile (8%), North Darfur (8%), Northern (7%), and Sennar (7%). 
• Field teams reported that the IDPs observed were originally displaced from twelve states. The majority (3,522,784 IDPs, 57%) were reportedly displaced from Khartoum state; followed by South Darfur (15%), North Darfur (8%),  Aj Jazirah (7%), Central Darfur (4%), West Darfur (3%), East Darfur (1%), South Kordofan (1%), West Kordofan (<1%), North Kordofan (<1%), Sennar (<1%), and White Nile (<1%). 
• IOM-DTM also reported that an estimated 1,780,295 mixed cross-border movements were made into neighbouring countries.
• This product provides brief insights into those displaced in Sudan post-15 April 2023. For more granular information on the IDP caseload and the displacement context, please see IOM-DTM's Monthly Displacement Overview (05).

Since 2022, the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), in particular North Kivu, has been gripped by a devastating conflict that has intensified and become increasingly complex over time, with the potential to reach unprecedented levels in the province. This crisis is characterised by an abundance of armed actors in the conflict, a large-scale displacement and an increasing number of population in need of humanitarian aid.

The ongoing conflict between the M23 rebel group and the Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC) and their allies has been a major source of violence and instability in the region. The situation has deteriorated further since the withdrawal of several East African Community (EAC) force bases from the affected territories. This conflict has not only caused the loss of human life and the displacement of millions of people but has also hampered efforts to establish peace and stability in the region. Since the beginning of the crisis, IOM, through its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has continued conducting a series of rapid assessments, including emergency monitoring (EET/ERM), crisis analysis and registration, with the aim of responding to immediate information needs in order to understand displacement dynamics. This report presents the results of assessments carried out in the various displacement and return areas between 19 December 2023 and 27 January 2024.

Depuis 2022, la région orientale de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC), en particulier le Nord-Kivu, est en proie à un conflit dévastateur qui s'est intensifié et est devenu de plus en plus complexe au fil du temps, avec le potentiel d'atteindre des niveaux sans précédent dans le Nord-Kivu. Cette crise se caractérise par une multitude d'acteurs armés en conflit, une importante population déplacée et une population encore plus importante en manque d'aide humanitaire. Le conflit actuel entre le groupe rebelle M23 et les Forces armées de la République démocratique du Congo (FARDC) et leurs alliés a été une source majeure de violence et d'instabilité dans la région. La situation s'est encore détériorée depuis le début du retrait de plusieurs bases des forces de la Communauté de l'Afrique de l'Est (CAE) des territoires affectés. Ce conflit a non seulement causé la perte de vies humaines et le déplacement de millions de personnes, mais il a également entravé les efforts visant à instaurer la paix et la stabilité dans la région.

Depuis le début de la crise, l'OIM, par le biais de la DTM continue à mener une série d'évaluations rapides, y compris le suivi des urgences (EET/ERM), l'analyse des crises et enregistrement avec priorité de répondre aux besoins immédiats d'information en vue de comprendre la dynamique des déplacements et les besoins. Ce rapport présente les résultats des évaluations menées dans les différentes zones de déplacement et de retour du 19 décembre 2023 au 27 janvier 2024.

From when the reporting period started to where it ends, (15 August 2021 to 15 August 2023), the gap between total outflows and inflows has dwindled between Afghanistan and two of its neighbouring countries, that is the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan.

By the second half of the reporting period, cross-border movements reached close to a 1 to1 ratio between outflows (4,307,755) and inflows (4,314,442).

Changes in these flows across this two year period may be more generally attributed to the combination of tighter governmental controls on border crossings, temporary border closures, and fear of deportations of Afghan nationals living abroad. The following sections point to notable peaks and downturns in mobility flows to help put into perspective the timeline and context in which IOM operates in.