This Multi-Sectorial Location Assessment (MSLA) report, which presents findings from the International Organization for Migration’s (IOM) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Round 8 assessments, aims to enhance understanding of the extent of internal displacements and the needs of affected populations in conflict-affected districts of Northern Mozambique. Data was collected between 10 January and 15 February 2022 in close coordination with provincial government and Instituto Nacional de Gestão e Redução do Risco de Desastres (INGD) partners, and presents trends from 66 assessed sites hosting internally displaced persons across nine districts in Cabo Delgado, 3 sites in Niassa, and 2 site in Nampula.

In total, 216,413 internally displaced persons (IDPs) (an increase of 1% since the previous round) or 53,819 households were mapped living in sites assessed during this MSLA. Reported fi gures, however, exclude displaced individuals living in host community settings. According to DTM Round 15 Baseline, as of February 2022, an estimated 702,735 IDPs were identified living in both host communities and sites in Cabo Delgado, 76,568 IDPs in Nampula, and 3,552 IDPs in Niassa.

This Round 10 of the COVID-19 Situation Analysis is based on the assessment of knowledge, practice and impact of the pandemic on internally displaced persons (IDPs) in conflict-affected communities of north-east Nigeria. Conducted by the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) unit of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the report covers the period between 14 February and 30 March 2022 and reflects trends from the states Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe,
Taraba and Yobe in north-east Nigeria.

The assessment was conducted in 2,365 locations – a decrease compared to the 2,371 sites assessed in the 9th round of assessment. These sites included 290 camps and camp-like settings and 2,075 locations where IDPs were residing with host communities. As expected, the most-affected state of Borno had the highest number of assessed locations with 688 sites (29%). These included both camps and camp-like settings as well as host communities. Taraba had the least number of locations assessed with 202 sites (9%). As in other similar assessments, staff from IOM, NEMA, SEMAs and the Nigerian Red Cross Society collated the data in the field, including baseline information at Local Government Area and ward-levels.

Nigeria's north-central and north-west zones are afflicted with a multidimensional crisis rooted in long-standing tensions between ethnic and religious groups and involves attacks by criminal groups and banditry/hirabah (such as kidnapping and grand larceny along major highways). During the past years, the crisis has accelerated because of the intensification of attacks and has resulted in widespread displacement across the region.
Between the 18th and 24th of April 2022, armed clashes and banditry have led to new waves of population displacement. Following these events, rapid assessments were conducted by DTM (Displacement Tracking Matrix) field staff to inform the humanitarian community and government partners, and enable targeted response. Flash reports utilise direct observation and a broad network of key informants to gather representative data and collect information on the number, profile and immediate needs of affected populations. 

During the assessment period, the DTM identified an estimated 3,222 individuals who were affected by the attacks. A total of 3,190 individuals were displaced to neighbouring wards in the LGAs Guma and Gwer West in Benue State, Kware in Sokoto State and Gusau in Zamfara State. A total of 72 casualties were reported, including 40 injuries and 32 fatalities.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), monitors cross-border movements to and from Nigeria's Borno State in north-east Nigeria. Assessments are conducted at Points of Entry located along the border with Cameroon.

A range of data was collected during the assessments to better inform on travellers’ nationalities, sex, reasons for moving, mode of transportation and timeline of movement as shown in figures 2 to 5 below:

The Borough of Chaguanas is the largest municipality and fastest-growing town in Trinidad and Tobago. It is situated on the western coast of Trinidad, upstream from the Caroni Swamp, between the two main cities of Port of Spain and San Fernando.1 Chaguanas spans 59km², with a population of 83,516 persons.2 It comprises several communities and sub-areas, which encompass vast areas of agricultural land. Moreover, this region’s human development index, in 2012, was 0.686 and 62.9% of its population had obtained secondary and higher education.3 Accordingly, given the trend of escalating inflows of Venezuelan nationals into Trinidad and Tobago,4 Chaguanas has featured in Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) 2021 as having the second highest number of Venezuelan migrant respondents in the exercise. Furthermore, in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, heightened health and safety protocols to combat the spread of the virus, have inadvertently exacerbated economic issues and migrant vulnerabilities. Notwithstanding this, in March 2021, the Government of Trinidad and Tobago (GORTT) conducted a re-registration exercise for Venezuelans, who were previously registered under the Venezuelan Migrant Registration Framework in June 2019, to extend their regular status and options for legitimate employment. In addition, with the assistance of the Venezuelan Embassy, there was a major voluntary repatriation exercise of 680 Venezuelan nationals, in July 2021. Apart from this, COVID-19 vaccines have been made available to Venezuelan migrants in Trinidad and Tobago. The DTM 2021, Sub-report for the Borough of Chaguanas, therefore presented an excellent opportunity to examine the situation of Venezuelan migrants against these backgrounds, and within the framework of the Fostering local communities of solidarity for migrants and refugees project, which is funded under the Development Cooperation Instrument (DEVCO). IOM’s DTM is a system to track and monitor displacement and population mobility. It is designed to capture, process, and disseminate critical multi-layered information on the mobility, vulnerabilities, and needs of displaced and mobile populations, regularly and systematically. Hence, the DTM provides decision-makers and responders with insightful data to guide specific assistance to target populations. A total of 188 Venezuelan migrants from the Borough of Chaguanas participated in DTM 2021 between October and November 2021. The areas with the highest number of respondents were Cunupia, followed by Longdenville, and Chaguanas Proper, as shown in Map 1. It must be noted, however, that 18 respondents indicated that they did not know in which community they resided.

The DTM Emergency Tracking Tool (ETT) is deployed to track and to collect information on large and sudden population movements, provide frequent updates on the scale of displacement and quantify the affected population when needed. As a sub-component of the Mobility Tracking methodology in Nigeria.
ETT utilises direct observation and a broad network of key informants to capture best estimates of the affected population per location, enabling targeted humanitarian response planning.

Between 18 and 24 April 2022, a total of 1,824 movements were recorded in Adamawa and Borno States. The recorded movements consisted of 1,353 arrivals and 471 departures. Arrivals were recorded at locations in Askira/Uba, Bama, Gwoza, Kala/Balge, Monguno and Ngala Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the most conflict-affected state of Borno and in Fufore, Girei, Gombi, Hong, Lamurde, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Numan, Song, Yola North and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.
Departures were recorded in Askira/Uba and Bama LGAs of Borno State and in Fufore, Gombi, Hong, Maiha, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Song and Yola South LGAs of Adamawa State.

ETT assessments identified the following movement triggers: voluntary relocation (744 individuals or 41%), poor living conditions (401 individuals or 22%), improved security (377 individuals or 21%), military operations (242 individuals or 13%), fear of attacks (41 individuals or 2%) and conflicts/attacks (19 individuals or 1%).

During the reporting period (20 to 26 April 2022), a total of 66 movements were recorded - 13 returns (4,957 individuals), 51 arrivals (1,716 individuals), and 2 departures (110 individuals). The largest return movements were recorded in Muidumbe (4,695 individuals) and Palma (257 individuals). The largest arrival movements were recorded in Macomia (784 individuals), Nangade (686 individuals) and Muidumbe (215 individuals). The largest departure was observed in Metuge (110 individuals). Of the total population, 11 per cent of mobile groups were displaced for the first time, and 89 per cent of reported individuals have been displaced more than once prior to this movement.

From 6 to 19 of April DTM teams in Muidumbe district have recorded a significant number of individuals returning to their places of origin. An estimated 8,697 individuals have returned in the localities of Mapate, Muambula, Muatide and Namacande. Reported returnees are moving spontaneously by bus. Reports indicate that all assessed individuals were displaced more than once prior to present return movement.

Pour mieux comprendre cette dynamique, une mis-sion de collecte des données a été conduite conjointe-ment par l’Organisation In ternationale pour les Migrations (OIM) et l’Institut Na tional de la Statistique (INS) et s’in-scrit dans le cadre du partenariat entre les deux institu-tions pour la collecte et le partage des données migratoires. L’étude a pour but de mieux comprendre la dynamique migratoire dans le contexte de la migration irrégulière dans les zones à fort taux de départ et de transit dans la préfecture de Siguiri (Siguiri-Centre, Kourémalé et Doko).