Evaluation Report

Depuis le 20 mars 2024, une montée des eaux a été constatée au lac Tanganyika, à la marée de Niangara et aux débordements des rivières Mulongwe, Kalimabenge, Kamvimvira et Kabimba dans la ville d’Uvira, communes de Kalundu, Mulongwe et Kavinvira de la zone de santé d’Uvira. Ces inondations ont affecté sept quartiers (Kalundu, Namianda, Kimanga, Rombe 1 & 2, Kasenga, Kanvinvira), entraînant la destruction de biens, notamment des habitations et des terres agricoles avoisinantes. Les résidents touchés ont été contraints de se réfugier dans des zones non touchées situées dans les quartiers de Kavinvira, Kasenga, Kakombe, Rombe 1, Kimanga, Nyamyanda, Kalundu et Kabimba des communes de Kavinvira, Mulongwe et Kalundu à Uvira. Un total de 6 861 Ménages de 34 358 Individus déplacés internes dont 6 530 Ménages de 32x594 individus en familles d’accueils et 331 ménages de 1 764 Personnes dans les centres collectifs. Plus de 2 800 maisons ont été inondées lors de cet événement. Les dégâts se sont étendus à 17 écoles primaires, 20 écoles secondaires, 7 écoles maternelles et 3 universités, ainsi qu’à 9 églises locales. De plus, plus de 800 robinets d’eau potable ne fonctionnent plus correctement. Les inondations ont également touché 5 marchés importants (le Marché de Frontière, le Marché Tumaini Africa, le Marché Kunzira, le marché Zaïrois et le Marché Maendeleo). Les ports de Kalundu et de Kasenga (Port de Gaby) ainsi que la plage Maendeleo ont été submergés par les eaux. Selon les estimations, plus de 120 hectares de terres agricoles ont été inondés.

This in-depth qualitative study of areas of limited and no returns in Sinjar district and Qahtaniya subdistrict seeks to uncover specific barriers to durably resolving the displacement of affected people and potential ways forward in unlocking those barriers. Doing so is a critical step in broadly implementing the Joint Government of Iraq, Kurdistan Regional Government and United Nations Roadmap for the Acceleration of the National Plan pursuant to the United Nations Secretary-General’s Action Agenda on Internal Displacement. The study also aims to improve the political dialogue in the country on how to provide a voluntary and informed choice of residence to people who are experiencing longterm displacement. Findings are drawn from separate focus group discussions with Yezidi, Kurdish and Sunni Arab internally displaced persons (IDPs) from Sinjar district and Qahtaniya subdistrict and key informant interviews with representatives from: the Ninewa Governor’s Office, Sinjar authorities in Dohuk, Sinjar and Qahtaniya authorities within these areas, members of political parties in Sinjar, civil society leaders and activists, tribal leaders, national and international peacebuilding and human rights experts, United Nations personnel and donors.1 Sinjar district and Qahtaniya subdistrict are considered together here, given their similar populations and recent conflict dynamics, connected histories and legacies of violence, as well as geographic proximity to one another and to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Syria and Türkiye

The Women Navigating Durable Solutions report explores what factors influence decision-making during the durable solution process, as well as women’s agency to overcome reintegration barriers. The objective of this study is to investigate the experience of displaced women and their reintegration in areas of origin. It examines female-related vulnerabilities and obstacles that affect their reintegration

In order to contribute to the measurement of local integration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Iraq, IOM Iraq, the Returns Working Group, and Social Inquiry implemented an in-depth study of 14 urban locations in the country hosting a high density of families displaced due to the ISIL conflict.  A complementary forthcoming study on Urban Displacement in Iraq, by IOM Iraq DTM, explores protracted urban displacement, including an examination of IDP intentions. Utilising data collected on IDPs' perceptions and living conditions in displacement (1,382 respondents) and on those of host community residents (1,437 respondents) in the same neighbourhoods as well as key informant interviews with local authorities and policy-implementers (40 interviews) in these areas, this work seeks to identify which factors help or hinder local integration – and those locations that are more (or less) conducive to this outcome. This study is predicated on the understanding that local integration is not only based how on IDPs perceive their own belonging in the hosting location, irrespective of any stated intentions to stay or return, but also how host communities feel about accepting them. Further to this, these feelings may themselves be influenced by the character of the urban areas where IDPs and host communities reside as well as the regulatory environment surrounding them.

This report is part of a larger research project, Cities as Home, carried out by IOM Iraq, the Returns Working Group, and Social Inquiry, that explores both drivers and deterrents of integration across 14 urban locations that still host the largest share of IDPs in the country. The outputs of this project also include factsheets for each location, four detailed case studies, and a brief on COVID-19 regulations and implications for local integration

What happens to households experiencing protracted displacement during a global pandemic? This is not a question that Access to Durable Solutions Among IDPs in Iraq, a panel study conducted by IOM and Georgetown University, initially anticipated answering at its inception six years ago.1 Yet this question is one the study is uniquely positioned to answer. The mixed-method project collects data from surveys and interviews to understand how the same Iraqi IDP households displaced by the conflict with the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) try to access a “durable solution” to their displacement as defined by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee’s Framework on Durable Solutions. Conducted among the non-camp population of IDPs displaced between 2014 and 2015, the study operationalized the eight criteria that collectively measure a durable solution: safety and security, standard of living, livelihood, housing, access to documentation, family reunification, participation in public affairs, and access to justice. Using each of these criteria over six rounds of data collection, the study has tracked changes in what challenges IDP households face and the solutions they engineer as they search for a durable solution to their displacement. Based on findings from the newest, sixth round of data collection, this report details not only how COVID-19 affects IDPs, but specifically, and in keeping with the purpose of the study, how the COVID-19 pandemic affected IDP households’ abilities to achieve a durable solution. This latter endeavor entails two tasks: first, to identify what challenges persist because they existed pre-COVID-19 (and are thus primarily displacement-related), and second, to identify what challenges the COVID-19 pandemic has created or made worse. The longitudinal nature of the Access to Durable Solutions study and its ability to compare current findings with past trends using the same indicators facilitated disentangling and completing these two tasks

In order better to understand what the local integration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) may look like in Iraq, IOM Iraq, the Returns Working Group (RWG), and Social Inquiry implemented a targeted in-depth study in Sulaymaniyah and Baghdad Governorates. Utilizing data on IDPs’ perceptions and living conditions in displacement from those displaced more than three years (762 respondents) and data collected among host community residents (800 respondents) in the same neighbourhoods and towns in these governorates, this work seeks to identify which factors help or hinder local integration.

The findings presented herein highlight that socioeconomic, cultural, and spatial factors at the individual and structural levels matter for integration and acceptance. Most of the evidence collected here points to the fact that better integration and acceptance is found among more socioeconomically equal communities, those with strong but more elastic social cohesion, and in places where host communities feel historical grievances related to violence and conflict have been dealt with satisfactorily

This brief is part of a larger research project, Cities as Home, carried out by IOM Iraq, the Returns Working Group, and Social Inquiry, that explores both drivers and deterrents of integration across 14 urban locations that still host the largest share of IDPs in the country. The outputs of this project also include an analysis report on determinants of integration for IDPs and host community members, factsheets for each location, and four detailed case studies.

This set of factsheets provides a localised understanding of how conducive each of the 15 urban locations in Iraq hosting the largest share of out-of-camp internally displaced persons (IDPs) are for local integration. The inclusion of four case studies provides further insights into particular locations of interest.  This interpretation of local integration takes into account the IASC Framework for Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons criteria and expands upon it to include more subjective measures as well as the wider community in which the displaced live. 2 IDP and host community population figures referenced in the factsheets and case studies come from the IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix Masterlist Round 113, which corresponds to when nearly all data collection took place. Given COVID-19 restrictions, data collection in Sulaymaniyah City occurred in May 2020. The analysis presented here is predicated on the understanding of local integration as stemming from IDPs’ feelings of belonging to the hosting location as well as host community members’ acceptance of them over the long term and the regulatory landscape that surrounds both.1 It is based on an overall quantitative analysis of these locations, the household-level data collection of which took place between December 2019 and February 2020, conducted for the wider Cities as Home research project that identified the individual and place-related factors that drive or deter belonging and acceptance. These factors include societal, institutional, cultural, and socioeconomic indicators of the hosting locations and their populations. This analysis was further supplemented by detailing the instructions, regulations, and laws that are specifically related to the ability of non-camp IDPs to reside in cities in the country and enjoy the same rights as the host community.

Revisions to the eligibility criteria that came into effect in March 2024 limited access to the IDP living allowance based upon a specific set of socio-economic vulnerability profiles. This introduction of additional criteria is intended to ensure that social assistance in Ukraine is capable of supporting the most vulnerable, both among those who have been displaced and the general population. However, this increases the risk of excluding some vulnerable individuals who may lose access to the IDP living allowance under the new criteria. This reduction in monthly household income could impact on the ability of vulnerable households to meet their basic needs and rebuild their lives.

The purpose of this brief is to provide an overview of the estimated share and number of IDPs that may still be eligible for the IDP allowance under the new policy. Using available secondary data, this thematic brief aims to provide an indicative overview of the share and number of IDPs that will not be eligible anymore, despite being vulnerable to a reduction in household income that could affect their ability to meet basic needs. The brief intends to inform and support advocacy and programming of humanitarian partners in complementarity with the new IDP allowance scheme.

Pays côtier d'Afrique de l'Ouest, le Bénin a connu ces dernières années des événements multidimensionnels  qui ont entrainé des déplacements de populations, aussi bien internes que transfrontaliers dans certains départements du Nord. Les personnes déplacées et les communautés hôtes font face à des défis majeurs tels que l’accès limité aux services sociaux de base. Les organisations humanitaires travaillent activement pour répondre à ces besoins urgents, en fournissant une assistance rapide et vitale, en soutenant les infrastructures locales et en protégeant les droits des personnes touchées. Cependant la situation demeure préoccupante et nécessite une attention continue et des ressources supplémentaires pour atténuer les souffrances et trouver des solutions durables. 

Afin de trouver des réponses durables aux déplacements internes et de prévenir de nouveaux déplacements dans les départements, il s’avère essentiel de comprendre les niveaux de stabilité dans les lieux accueillant les populations déplacées. L'OIM Bénin en liaison avec le bureau régional de l’Afrique de l'Ouest et du centre, a lancé l’Indice de solution et de mobilité (ISM) en 2023 pour évaluer la stabilité des zones accueillant les populations déplacées dans les communes de Banikoara, Cobly, Karimama, Kérou, Matéri et Tanguiéta. L’ISM mesure les perceptions de stabilité et analyse les facteurs qui influencent les décisions des populations de rester ou de se déplacer. Il offre un outil permettant aux autorités et aux partenaires de développer de meilleures stratégies, de prioriser les ressources et de planifier les interventions dans les zones fragiles et instables, en intégrant les approches humanitaires, de relèvement et de stabilisation.

L’Indice de Solution et de Mobilité (ISM) cherche à comprendre quels facteurs influencent la stabilité d’un lieu, ce qui éclaire les interventions programmatiques prioritaires le long du lien humanitaire, de paix et de développement afin de renforcer la résilience et la stabilité et de prévenir de futurs déplacements forcés. 

Ce rapport présente les résultats du premier  round de l’indice de solution et de mobilité dans les communes de Banikoara, Cobly, Karimama, Kérou, Matéri et Tanguiéta.